How Technology Is Changing The Way How We Communicate

The reading I will be analysing is The Humanisation of Media by Robert G Picard. Robert G Picard is a leading academic expert on media businesses and media policy. Robert is known for being the father of media economics studies. The issues he talking about overcoming the limits of mass communication. Another interesting issue he is talking about is the how technology of social media changes the way we communicate. The main purpose of the article talk about how technology is changing the way how we communicate. Another purpose he talks about is the future of communication of how we went from drawing on wall with stones to tying on our smartphones and computers. One of the major points of this reading was about social media how we are altering communication. Robert States the power and influence that social media has and how it can change our thinking for example Robert talks about how we use Google, Facebook and other social media platforms to determine how we use their services for various stuff . Privacy is another issues he addresses which our privacy terms are being breached and how surveillance is always spying on us for personal information he also talks about how privacy is being reduced around social media. Digital systems for social control and influence talks about how every major government conducts surveillance using the Internet and Social media,. Popularised communications would have to be most relatable topics to talk about in the readings due to talkingShow MoreRelatedEffects of Technology Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 091-040 4 December 2012 Effects of Technology in our world I. Introduction: State your plan for the Introduction paragraph * Changes in technology over the years * Why we depend on technology so much * How much we rely on technology Thesis statement: In today’s world, as technology is advancing around us, some of the major effects that can be seen are medical technology advances, ease of communication with the growing technology, and the negative effects on our body. IIRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Global Marketplace991 Words   |  4 PagesThe impact of technology on the global marketplace is substantial. In terms of business, technology is the most rapidly changing market, and the rate at which new technology emerges is nearly daily. From Augmented 3D environments to virtual reality and smartphones, technology is a constantly evolving catalyst in global business markets. 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Language help us communicate and express our feelings. We communicate with our words and gestures that interact with our everyday lives. Without language there would be no type of way we would be able to communicate with one another. Society would have a lack of understanding and communication. The use of language affect the way we speak, theRead MoreProd1332 Words   |  6 Pages Product and services They changed the way we communicate with the world, the way we gather information and the way we see entertainment. This company has made millions and will continue to surprise us each year. Apple’s success has changed the world and many companies to follow. Technology helps shape this company into what they are today. They are the technology. How technology has shaped Apple Apple doesn’t need technology it is the technology. 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Throughout the book she mentions a piece that can relate to technology in the generation we live in and how it shapes the way we communicate, â€Å" There is no excuse for pidgin spoken by native Hawaiians who had the advantages of American education. Perhaps I have a mania on the subject, but I am convinced thatRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effect On Our Lives934 Words   |  4 Pagesin our generation. This seems to be not a problem at moment, but with advancement of technology and new ways of meeting people digitally is seems people feel it’s appropriate to constantly be on their mobile devices without any consequences or surroundings. With Mobile device and other forms of wireless communication also effecting on distracting driving. The use of cell phones pose a risk for society in many ways involving cell phone co nversations and texting or instant messaging in car distractRead MoreIs Technology Ruining The English Language?845 Words   |  4 PagesIs Technology Ruining the English Language? A Look into the Impact of Technology on the English Language The English language is always changing. It has been evolving slowly over time. The language that was spoken over 2,000 years ago is entirely different from the everyday language that we use today. In recent years, the English language has evolved rapidly due to the advancements of modern technology. Despite having pros and cons, technology has played an important role in changing the EnglishRead MoreLanguage And Communication Essay1426 Words   |  6 Pages(2011, p6 ) discusses how language can of course be all these things. Language can be thought of as something oral that humans use to communicate but it can also be an object that is used to record and document. Cremin Myhill (2012, p 6). explains that we can view language as a physical form in the way of speech, audio recordings and writing. This essay will explain how language can be seen as both an object to be analysed and a social process used for people to communicate. Language is versatile

Identity and Belonging of Interracial Children Free Essays

Author is going to discuss the topic of biracial/ interracial children in 21 century. It is very common topic at this stage as multiculturalism become more popular and spreading all around the globe. Multiculturalism is â€Å"global shifts of power, population and culture in the area of globalization and â€Å"post colonialism†, as nations around the world establish independence in the wake of the decline of Western empires. We will write a custom essay sample on Identity and Belonging of Interracial Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now Globalization transforms previously homogeneous cities or regions into complex meeting grounds for different ethnic, racial, religious, and national groups, challenging the political and cultural system to accommodate this diversity†(Jay 2010, pp 1). It’s simply means the moving and mixing of the people of different race and religion all around the world. Multiculturalism has its ups and downs. In some way it is good that all people are mixing as in economic way countries are getting stronger when more educated people coming into politics. The recognition that society’s becoming multiethnic is not just about economics, people have understand that a lot of difficulties concerning ethnicity, identity and race has become an issue (Modood 2007). Raising biracial children arose from our observation that while the multiracial population is increasing we are missing a systematic understanding of the self and social identity development process among mixed race children (Rockquemore and Laszloffy 2005). Identity is about the understandings people maintain in relation to who they are, and what is important to them. There are two types of identity: self and social identity. Social Identity refers to the characteristic given to individual by others. Self identity refers to someone who is different from others or as a unique individual. Individual identities play an important role in forming a mature and healthy personality (Marcia 1980). Biracial children have particular difficult time during adolescence, due in part to lack of a clearly defined social identity (McRoy and Freeman 1986). Children’s identity development is dependent on having a secure sense of who they are, where they come from, and how their families and communities accept them. The development for biracial children can be more complicated than those of single-race children. Biracial people develop a sense of identity on one of three ways. They can select one identity, a state called singular identity. They can develop a protean identity, where behavior and racial/ethnic identity varies by situation. Or they can decide not to be concerned with issues of racial / ethnic identity at all and take on a transcendent identity (Fisher and Lerner 2005). Biracial children are born from parents whose racial groups are different from each other. Children of dual heritage may have identity problems related to feelings of uncertainty surrounding their ethnicity. Biracial children in the midst of their identity formation, vulnerable as they continue to struggle in a culture that is still partially closed to them. Often interracial children can be negatively affected by feeling the pressure to take a single identity. Children are faced with problems that tend to produce reactions of guilt, insecurity, anxiety, and emotional instability. Biracial children would like to identify with both parents but find themselves torn between the loyalty they owe each parent. Since they cannot identity with both parents, the child feels resentment towards one or both parents while at the same time , they may feel guilty towards the parent with whom they do not identify (Clauss-Ehlers 2009). Children learn about race true their interaction with others. Major influence on development of identity has parents, teachers and social groups. Within the context of these interactions, they come to understand who they are in this world. Wardle (1989) says that today, parents assume one of three positions as to the identity of their interracial children. Some insist that their child is above all and that race or ethnicity is irrelevant, while others choose to raise their children with the identity of the parent of color. Another growing group of parents is insisting that the child have the ethnic, racial, cultural and genetic heritage of both parents. Biracial children pass through a series of stages in developing their sense of racial/ethnic identity. These stages are simply the development milestones that all children pass through, including color differentiation, racial awareness, self-and race awareness and personal evaluation (Johnson, 1992). Their sense of identity is also shaped by existing social categories that to some extent limit the perception of options that are available for racial definition. For example if child is half Afro-American and half Asian, if he or she has dark skin and have more look likes as African in the social world they will be accepted as African American , even thought child would consider different option. Tiger Woods is excellent example of it. When he was asked if it bothered him, the only child of a black America father and Thai mother, to be labeled African American. He answered ‘yes’. Woods created acronym â€Å"Cablunacian†, to reflect the fact that he is actually one eight Caucasian, one fourth black, one eight American Indian, and one half Asian (Rockquemore and Laszloffy 2005). All children form interracial marriages encounter problems identifying themselves and preserving their cultural heritage (Kerwin et al. 1993). Especially in adolescence time when children starts to identify who they are and where they belong to. It is very hard for them to identify them self’s because society tends to put people into convenient categories but biracial individuals do not belong to one. When growing up children might feel like second class individuals and be rejected. According to Wardle (1989), experts do not agree as to what the biracial child identity should be. Some believe an interracial child should have the identity of the parent of color because historically that has been the case, and also because society these children as having the identity of the parent of color. However, others have argued that the identity of any child is based on an accurate presentation of his or her true background. Life can be hard for biracial children as they are sometimes pegged as not â€Å"black† enough to hang with black kids, or not â€Å"white† enough to hang with the white children. So they are stuck between a rock a hard place struggling to fit into a particular click. Fitting in is very important during this age their self esteem can be severely crippled if they don’t find a group of friends they can relate with. Although now, society tends to more accept interracial individuals as they become more familiar with them and its becoming more and more common(Rockquemore and Laszloffy 2005). One more problem which family face is raising multi-racial child with religion. It is common that different religions are mixing, but this can lead to a lot of problems. Two marred individuals with different religion views might not experience any problems between them self’s but it is very important to raise child without any pressure. In bi-racial homes, it is prudent to celebrate festivals of both the partners. Both should try to understand the religion of the other and allow him or her to celebrate as per belief. The child should also be encouraged to learn both the religions and cultures and should be allowed to select between the two and to follow whatever he/she is comfortable with. Ethnicity and identity issues are not new to us, it is been around for many years and for as long as we live, we have to deal with these matters. There will forever be differences between us since we are born in different families, cultures, countries and different continents. Mixed race children face challenges. Research indicates that biracial children embrace all the components of their heritage. Parents play a very important role in the child identity level because they spend most of their time with their children. Therefore, it is very important to provide biracial children positive role models. In a community where biculturalism is accepted, children do not experience any difficulties in growing up (Ladner 1984). Especially now day’s people have to understand and accept the fact that population of multicultural individuals is increasing. How to cite Identity and Belonging of Interracial Children, Papers

Marketing Orientation Critical Tactics For Implementing Free Solution

Question: Describe about the Marketing Orientation for Critical Tactics for Implementing. Answer: Introduction Companies are developing and planning strategies that let them attain a competitive advantage through their core competencies. In other words companies are selecting their business orientation which is the method to do their business in a more competitive manner. While selecting to be market oriented companies are trying to direct their organizational efforts towards better performances, increased productivity and profitability. (Belz 2009)The report is a description on Boots UK Limiteds business orientation. The methods that has been used to make Boots market oriented and the various benefits that are incurred to the company by adopting market orientation strategy. The various challenges faced by the company in order to implement the strategies. Company Introduction Boots UK Limited is a pharmacy chain outlets operating in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The companys range of products include pharmaceuticals, healthcare, beauty and skincare. The company was founded in the year 1849 by John Boot. The company is currently headquartered at Nottingham in the United Kingdom. The company employs over 70,000 employees in the United Kingdom and 1,900 in Ireland. The company has a retail website and also has a loyalty card program called the Boots Advantage Card. (Burt 2011)The company has several outlets in high street, airport terminals and shopping centers. The company The Boots Company Plc merged with Alliance Unichem in 2006 to form Alliance Boots, which was later bought by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts and Stefano Pressina in 2007. From 2012 Walgreens gradually bought stakes in Alliance Boots, hence the Boots became a subsidiary company of Walgreens Boots Alliance. The companys slogan is Feel good. Analysis of Business Orientation of Boots Boots UK is pharmaceutical health and beauty products company with over 2,500 stores from small local community pharmacy to large health and beauty stores. The brand is committed to provide unique customer and patient care through employees, who are the strength of the business.(Hill, Jones Schilling n.d.) Boots has devised their operational plan on basis of macro environments like political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors within UK and micro environmental factors like customer, employees, suppliers, shareholders, competitors and so on. The business orientation refers to the several dimensions of business as marketing orientation, product orientation, employee orientation or customer orientation of Boots. (Best 2009) Marketing Orientation: Through this dimension a business designs their products after conducting market research on customer, in order to meet their needs. There are three components of customer orientation namely market segmentation or customer segmentation, competitive orientation that can be understood by Porters 5 forces and interfunctional coordination. The customer segmentation can be done by geographical, demographic, psychographic or behavioral variables. Boots undertake segmentation on basis of population, size of geographical area, sex, age, education, income, interest, lifestyle, social status, personality, customer loyalty and so on. Boots primarily caters to upper and upper-middle class income groups of all ages, sex, education, interest in a concentrated geographical areas of UK and Ireland.(Netessine Tang 2009) Figure 1: Boots products on basis of segmentation Source: Author Porters Five Forces is used to study the industry level competition existing by the following analysis: Entry of competitors: Boots is a large scale company operating in the UK and Ireland where threat from new entrants is significantly low due to high investments required. Figure 2:Porter's 5 Forces Source: (Schermerhorn 2010) Threat of Substitute: The threat from substitute products in cosmetics as well as medicine is considerably high due to UK and Ireland opening up its markets to foreign companies. Bargaining power of buyers: Due to presence of large number of competitors Boots experiences significant bargaining power from buyers. Bargaining power of suppliers: The bargaining power of suppliers is considerably less as compared to the sheer size of Boots.(Schermerhorn 2010) Rivalry among existing players: Tesco is importing medicines of cheaper variant from Russia and China, which is the primary competitor of Boots. Other competitors are Bluemercury, Macys, Sephora and so on, with cut throat competition amongst them. (Porter 2008) Production Orientation : In this process the business aims to develop its current product. Either the existing product is developed or the product efficiency is increased. Ansoffs matrix depicts four quadrants of product development, market penetration, market development and diversification. The matrix is used by Boots in order to assess product oriented development. In product development the company has developed many cosmetic and beauty care products which has provided a competitive edge. (Haq 2008)In product diversification the company has created variant of the same product in new market segment as in case of toiletry products, the company manufactures unique toilet papers or its Ireland market. The company has been primarily catering to upper and upper-middle class segment hence the company has not penetrated the various other income segments of the market. Boots has also not explored other markets in international sphere hence the company has not attempt market development.(Alon 2013) Figure 3: Ansoff's Matrix Source : (Alon 2013) Employee Orientation: The process entails introduction of new employees to the techniques, processes, goals and profile of the organization to get accustomed to its culture. The concept of marketing mix product, price, place and promotion has been extended to add people, process and physical evidence. At Boots people component in the marketing mix includes the management and the employees who are responsible for marketing activities. The organizational culture of Boots is reflected through its employees as these dynamic individuals effectively promote products of Boots to customers and provide services. The HRM team at Boots provides necessary training, mentoring for enhancing skills, knowledge and technical expertise of these employees. The process are the various marketing activities that create overall efficiency and effectiveness for systems. Physical evidence includes the stores and outlets present of Boots that deliver friendly, tidy and healthy experiences.(Belz 2009) Customer Orientation: The customer is regarded as the king in this step and the business strategies to service or value add benefits it provides clients. Boots attend and delivers to its customers by applying the marketing mix. This enables the company to provide right sets of products at the right place and right price. Boots store near NHS keeps mostly medicines compared to cosmetic products and its stores on High Street keeps more of cosmetics. Whereas at the airports its stores has constituents from medicines as well as cosmetics. Customer convenience is another aspect of customer orientation where Boots provides its customers with efficient value chain. Boots operate in three forms of stores, one being Boots shops like Boots health and beauty stores, Boots flagship stores and Boots travel stores and most of the stores are located in densely populated areas. It has been estimated that UKs 90% population stays in 10 minutes drive proximity to Boots stores.(Buttle 2009) The company has a loyalty card program that is very well accepted and provides customers a sense of value. The company also provides online shopping portals that is connected to its stores and ensure safe, convenient and on-time deliveries. Recommendations The above analysis of Boots business orientation reflects that the company is profitable and most of its revenue is generated from a segment of customers. In order that Boots redirects its activities in a more market oriented manner the following recommendations has been formed; Boots targets a narrow spectrum of customer from the upper and upper-middle class. In order to be more market oriented the company needs to expand its private label products and open up stores in a wide variety of location that gives access to all. Boots is analyzed in Porters generic strategies to categories its products as cost leaders, focus products or differentiated products. (Akan et al. 2006)The companys products mostly cater to focus strategy where they cater to a single segment of the consumer. The company needs to focus on creating more cost leader types of products to cater to the broader segment on the market.(Porter 2008) Figure 4: Porter's Generic Strategies Source: (Porter 2008) The company needs to apply the BCG matrix to identify its products under the heads as those which are star products, products which are cash cows and earn revenue for the company. Products that low revenue earning and those which are totally unviable. This analysis of its various products will entail the company to focus on products that have capability to generate greater revenues.(Lowy 2011) Figure 5: BCG Matrix Source: (Lowy 2011) While analyzing the Ansoffs matrix for the company, findings were that market penetration has been totally ignored. Hence the company has to focus on market expansion to expand its current business. Boots is competing with Tesco, Body Shop, Sainsburys, Asda, Superdrug, MS, Morrison, Debenhams and so on. The feature that will enable the company to set it apart from others is product development as it has physical as well as insubstantial benefits and helps attain competitive advantage. Benefits A business that implements and redirects business orientation to market orientation is able to directly assess the benefits that accrue to them. The several benefits that Boots will have implementing market oriented strategies are as follows; Customer centric approach will help the company cater to customers better enhancing their levels of satisfaction and loyalty. Boots stores are equipped and refurbished according to demands of customers such that adequate stock are replenished according to needs. This strategy helps addressing customer demands. The customer loyalty program at Boots is made to increase buyers value, which in turn affects frequent shopping and customer loyalty. The market oriented approach allows Boots to maintain competitive advantage over others. (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson n.d.) Challenges The marketing oriented strategies if applied efficiently can help the company yield adequate results and considerable market share. There are certain issues that are faced by the company while applying these strategies. Some of the challenges faced are as follows; The cost for conducting market research and determining ways make business market oriented is hefty. The procedure to determine the technique is highly cost ineffective. Customers often have to pay higher price for their desired product at Boots. As there is an available stock at Boots every time and customers get their desired product, the products are often priced at above market price tags. In market orientation product development often varied customers have different choice leading to uncertainties in product development. (krinjar 2008) Conclusion Marketing is a critical aspect for every organization as its success depends on it. Boots is a leading retailer in UK providing varied products to its customers from health to beauty and skincare. The company is profitable sue to its dynamic marketing team and RD team that functions hand in hand to develop strategies for efficient and effective policies for the company. The company has capability to becoming the top retailer in UK if it is able to adapt certain changes and innovative techniques to its current state of art processes. The company already enjoys a huge brand loyalty and has a million of satisfied customer base. The company has to constantly surge and keep innovating tactics and forms of marketing in order to emerge as a global player in pharmaceuticals, health and skin care brand. (Diffey 2009) Bibliography Akan, O, Allen, R, Helms, M Spralls III, S 2006, 'Critical tactics for implementing Porter's generic strategies', Journal of Business Strategy, vol 27(1), pp. 43-53. Allen, R, Helms, M, Takeda, M White, C 2007, 'Porter's generic strategies: An exploratory study of their use in Japan', Journal of Business Strategies, vol 24, no. 1, p. 69. Alon, I,JEAVD 2013, Global marketing: contemporary theory, practice, and cases, McGraw-Hill, New York. Belz, FMAPK 2009, Sustainability marketing: A global perspective, Wiley, Chichester. Best, RJ 2009, 'Market-based management: strategies for growing customer value and profitability', 2009. Burt, G 2011, 'owards the integration of system modelling with scenario planning to support strategy: the case of the UK energy industry', Journal of the Operational Research Society, vol 62(5), pp. 830-839. Buttle, F 2009, Customer relationship management: concepts and technologies, Routledge. Diffey, B 2009, 'Spectral uniformity: a new index of broad spectrum (UVA) protection.', International journal of cosmetic science, vol 31(1), pp. 63-68. Haq, F,WHYAJJ 2008, ' Applying Ansoffs Growth Strategy Matrix to Consumer Segments and Typologies in Spiritual Tourism,', In refereed paper presented at 8th International Business Research Conference. Hill, C, Jones, G Schilling, M, Strategic management theory: an integrated approach, Cengage Learning. Hitt, M, Ireland, RD Hoskisson, R, Strategic Management cases: competitiveness and globalization, Cengage Learning. Lowy, AAHP 2011, The Power of the 2 x 2 matrix: Using 2 x 2 thinking to solve business problems and make better decisions, John Wiley Sons. Moon, J,GJP,GSAHC 2011, 'Management control for sustainability strategy', CIMA Research Executive Summary Series, vol 7(12), pp. 1-20. Morgan, REABP 2008, 'Market Orientation, Generative Learning, Innovation Strategy and Business Performance Inter Relationships in Bioscience Firms', Journal of Management Studies, vol 45(8), pp. 1329-1353. Netessine, S Tang, CS 2009, Consumer-Driven Demand and Operations Management Models, Spinger, Philadelphia,U.S.A. Porter, ME 2008, Competitive strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors, Simon and Schuster. Porter, ME 2008, On Competetion, Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation, United States of America. Schermerhorn, J 2010, Exploring Management, 2nd edn, John Wiley and Sons, New Jersey. krinjar, R,B-VVAI-M 2008, 'The impact of business process orientation on financial and non-financial performance.', Business Process Management Journal, vol 14(5), pp. 738-754. Spee, APAJP 2009, 'Strategy tools as boundary objects. Strategic Organization', vol 7(2), pp. 223-232.

Laws Courts And Policies Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Laws, Courts, And Policies Essay, Research Paper Sep. 16 1999 Law, Courts, Politics Data/ Analysis The American President # 8217 ; s and Their Judges The appointing of Judgess to the United States Circuit Court of Appeals is the duty of the United States President. This duty does non travel without its benefits. Because the jurisprudence can at times be # 8220 ; flexible # 8221 ; when make up ones minding a instance, a president is most likely traveling to take a justice with the same background and ends as he. The Number of Judges Appointed A president can name as many Judgess as he wishes. During the last 10 presidencies the sum of Judgess appointed ranged from 12 to seventy eight during a whole presidential term and 3.6 to 14 per twelvemonth. When the figure of Judgess is broken down into how many per twelvemonth by president a form appears. It seems that the figure of appointed Judgess per twelvemonth per president increased and peaked during the Carter old ages. We will write a custom essay sample on Laws Courts And Policies Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Carter, with a big 14 per twelvemonth, totaled to 56 during his four twelvemonth term. Although Reagan appointed a sum of 78 it was all during eight old ages of presidential term. Thus, after the extremum of President Carter there was a slow but steady diminution. In a speedy glimpse, one might believe that President Reagan had the most consequence on the United States Circuit Court of Appeals. It is non until you look into the information that the realisation is that President Carter packed 4.25 % more per twelvemonth into the judges’ seats. Bush and Clinton Political Parties Without interrupting down into per centums the difference in party favour is obvious between Bush and Clinton. President Bush appointed 34 republican Judgess, two democratic Judgess, and one independent justice. Clinton appointed 41 democratic Judgess, three republican Judgess, and four independent Judgess. The difference is due to the president # 8217 ; s ain political party. A president is more likely to name a justice that has the same political beliefs as he does. Gender Democrats and republican are different in that Democrats are more broad and republican more conservative. This can consequence farther into the president # 8217 ; s assignments of Judgess. Democrats are more likely to name a higher per centum of adult females to the tribunals than a republican would. This is shown clearly by the difference in gender assignment by Bush and Clinton. President Bush appointed 8.9 % adult females whereas Clinton appointed 33.3 % adult females. There is a difference of 23.4 % between the two presidents! Once once more this is due to their beliefs drawn from their political parties. Race

navl operation amer cival war essays

navl operation amer cival war essays NAVAL OPERATIONS DURING THE CIVIL WAR At the beginning of the Civil War in 1861, there was little reason to suspect that the United States Navy would play a very big role in the war. The Confederate Navy had absolutely no navy, nor did they have the ability to create one. The south did not contain a single plant that could create a marine engine. (Carrison, page #17) The government of the Confederate States got underway in the spring of 1861, totally unprepared from a naval standpoint to uphold the independence it had declared. (Confederate Forces Afloat, page #1) The Confederacy lacked the adequate means to conduct an offensive of defensive war. (http://sunsite.unc.edu/ page 1a) They needed ships to defend its long coastline and inland waterways, to carry war to its northern shores, or to conduct the foreign trade, vital to its existence. To this bleak outlook was added but limited hope to acquiring or constructing a navy. Nevertheless, inspired determination and ingenuity evinced particularly by the more than 300 able officers who resigned from the United States Navy to support the southern cause. These men culminated in the rapid appearance of many varied types of forces afloat under the Confederate flag. (http://sunsite.unc.edu/ page 2a) The States Navy provided the foundation for the events to follow. The seceding states confiscated small United States ships, such as revenue cutters, coast survey ships, and lighthouse tenders. They also purchased others from northern owners as well as southern owners. They quickly started building additional vessels better suited for warfare. (http://sunsite.unc.edu page #2a) Also, the states that seceded automatically took with them the naval forces they had already accumulated. As the war went on, the confederacy created a better defense for their major ports, inland waterways, and the souths vast coastline. The better defense included the ironclads and th...

How to Overcome Stage Fright

How to Overcome Stage Fright Imagine standing at the tribune, a couple of seconds before you actually start delivering your graduation speech. Think of the moment when you stand behind the mic, just before the first line of the song you want to perform for the crowd. How does it feel? Are you full of happy excitement or feel like running away (if only you could do it on those shaky legs)? In case it makes you feel any better – John Lennon used to throw up before his live performances. Youre not alone in the struggle. Its Not About You One of the most common reasons of a stage anxiety is worrying what the audience is going to think about you. Well, heres a fun fact: They dont really care about your personality. Most of the time people are worried only about themselves. You are to engage, educate or entertain your audience. If they are satisfied with what they get, they wont judge the one who delivers it too hard. Thus, concentrate on the material youre going to present instead of focusing on your personality. Practice Practice makes perfect. The rule applies to almost every sphere of our lives, right? Public speaking is not an exception. Training helps your brain to reduce the number of unknown variables it has to deal with when the due date comes. This allows you to focus on your story, entertaining your reader and making the whole thing much more fun. If memorizing a speech is a challenge for you, take a look at our infographics on how to memorize a speech. Send Good Vibes Perception is everything, isnt it? Thats why thinking of your audience as of a group of friendly, interested people, rather than a bunch of guys, ready to destroy you with criticism, will be of a great help. Smile and remember about eye contact. Avoid gazing at people, though: diverting your eyes to look at your notes or fix the appliances makes you look human, which is certainly good. We like the things we can relate to. Thus, looking not-so-perfect at times might even be a good thing. Power Posing Body language can shape our behavior, the way we make decisions and feel about ourselves. Power posing is a great tool to achieve these results. The study shows, that standing in a high-power pose for about 2 minutes may seriously boost your confidence and reduce stress. What are these poses? Think of a Wonder Woman or a Superman signature positions. Fake it till you make it. Or, actually, fake it until you become it. Dont Cram Sounding human and looking natural is crucial for successful delivery and impressing your listeners. Thats why you dont want to learn every single word by heart, when it comes to delivering a speech. You surely are to know what goes after what and have some cards or the outline in front of your eyes. Memorizing every single word will make you sound robotic. If you are having difficulties with writing a speech, consider our speech-writing help. If you are going to sing, act or dance in public – situation is a bit different. Here youll seek for a certain degree of mechanization, where you know all the moves, cues or direction of the melody. Nevertheless, leaving some space for your soul and inspiration will help you and your audience enjoy the event much more. Breathe Breathing in certain patterns may be a very powerful relaxation technique. First, it has a positive impact onto your physical state: blood pressure stabilize your brain gets that desired portion of oxygen the muscles relax All in all, you feel far more calm and confident. Second, you simply focus your attention on an activity, not on your being anxious and stressed out. Profit! No Caffeine Lots of people simply cant function without their favorite brew. In fact, its kind of a ritual, that has to be comforting and energizing. That is certainly true. Another fact here is that caffeine is a strong stimulant: it accelerates your heart rates dehydrates the vocal chord and can even make you sweat more intensively Add the general nervousness and get a cocktail of being overly jumpy, sweaty and squeaky. Try saving your cuppa as a reward for success. In case that just doesnt work for you – stick to your regular amount, and dont add any extra portions of caffeine before the actual event. Stretch Out Do a couple of yoga poses. Choose the level of difficulty that suits you best and focus on maintaining that balance, breathing and keeping muscles nice and tight. If youre a fan of yoga already – you know how awesome it is. In case youre not quite into that – give it a shot! You dont have to make yoga your daily routine, but it may work just fine for stressful situations, just like your public performance. Now, take a breath. Your presentation, speech, play or concert will go great. Especially, with our tips. Shine bright! Youll nail it.

Fatigue in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients Essay

Fatigue in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients - Essay Example 2006, p. 58) Fatigue is very common among patients with multiple sclerosis and yet is it a symptom that is quite poorly defined. (Flachenacher et al., 2002). This very fact makes evaluation of fatigue as a symptom of multiple sclerosis difficult. And yet, since it is such a common complaint of patients with this condition, its evaluation as part of the disease process cannot be ignored. The paper by Flachenecker and colleagues is an important one dealing with the problem of fatigue in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Of the 151 consecutive patients who entered the study and were given the standardized questionnaires, 94 had the relapsing-remitting type of multiple sclerosis which is our main interest as far as the symptom of fatigue is concerned. One of the most important aspects of this paper in the evaluation of fatigue is the fact that the authors used 4 different fatigue scales namely, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), MS-specific FSS, Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). To evaluate a symptom as vague and non-specific as fatigue, it was important that the authors relied not just on one fatigue scale but on four different fatigue scales in order to reduce the incidence of errors. In order for a patient to be included in the â€Å"MS-related fatigue group† (MS-F) they had to have stated in the questionnaire that fatigue: 1.is one of their three most disabling symptoms; 2. occurs daily or on most days of the week; and 3. limits their activities at home or at work. Patients who fulfilled none of these criteria were labeled MS non-fatigue group (MS-NF); those who had only one or two of the criteria were labeled â€Å"borderline† (Flachenecker et al., 2002 p. 524). This was another way of ensuring that only those who were truly fatigued were included in the group of MS patients with fatigue. It is also significant that Flachenecker, et al. (2002) used a depression screen as part of the evaluation of fatigue in MS.

California Election Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

California Election Analysis - Research Paper Example The databases of California were consistently and constantly updated throughout the entire election cycle. It not only settled on the next United State’s president, but it also resulted in a supermajority for California’s state Democrats, thanks to Obama emerging victorious. New rules of elections and districts that were redrawn opened the likelihood of a Democrats supermajority in California, in a state that, even before elections, had Democratic majorities and a Democratic governor in both state legislatures. A good number people had and still have an intuitive reaction to a single party taking control of everything. Bob Huff, the Minority Leader of the state Senate said that a supermajority would not be a good thing. The media coverage was a bit biased to one candidate. Mitt Romney’s media overage was particularly negative in the final election days. A final gush of positive media coverage drove President Obama in the final two weeks of the race to the preside ncy, whereas Mitt Romney’s coverage remained, not only negative, but also narrowed down in volume. This was probably for the reason that news outlets transferred their attention to the recent Superstorm Sandy, in accordance with a new study. The Pew Research Center's Excellence in Journalism Project, which is based in Washington,  established that the positive coverage on Obama, which was estimated at 29%, outnumbered his negative coverage, which was estimated at 19%, by 10 points in the final week before voting. On the 6th of November, a survey of 59 news channels established that Romney got significantly more negative opinion and coverage, both in the period dating back to the nominating conferences, and at the conclusion of the campaign, commencing in late August. I feel like final surge of Obama’s positive press decidedly connected to his immense showing in most polls. There were a lot of amplified positive coverage and impressions of the President Obama that sta rted with surveys that trended in his direction. These conclusions were arrived at by measuring statements value in radio stores, television, Internet and newspaper (www.latimes.com). When it comes to ads, the impact on preferences of vote looked harsh and gloomy for Mitt Romney. Negative ads had a greater impact on Mitt Romney, than it had on president Obama. President Obama’s ads drove down Romney’s support and drove up support for the president. It, however, did not move swing voters. Many were marginal voters who did not even turn up on day of Election. On the front of â€Å"likely voter†,  Romney was consistently winning the war of ads. Both the Obama and Romney  ads augmented enthusiasm  among  possible  Romney  voters,  but  not for those of Obama.   Romney’s ads had  impacts on marginal,  decisive  voters, and this raised the probability of voters who  said  they had a preference on him turning out  to vote. Obamaâ₠¬â„¢s campaign had run its ads over 68,000 times, with just about 80% of them attacking Romney. They were loose with facts and at the same time negative. An example is this ad by Obama, when he said that Romney had never stood up to China. Obama claimed that all Romney had ever done was to send them American’s jobs. This was opposed by many as not being true. Many argued that Romney’s previous Bain Capital Company may have invested in firms with businesses and operations in China. Most importantly, there was no

Direct discrimination Essay Example for Free

Direct discrimination Essay Direct discrimination is intended by an individual usually due to a person’s background, culture, personality, race, disability, gender, religion, belief, sexual orientation, age. Indirect discrimination refers to applying a provision, criterion or practice which disadvantages people of a particular group. Direct discrimination may occur in a care home by a service provider only supporting a female, only support someone of their own culture and refuse to give personal care to males or not include everyone in a group activity. Indirect discrimination may occur in a way whereby a service provider is thinking everyone drinks tea so only offer tea, by giving a service user a shower daily but not offering a bath or see if they would prefer just a wash or not making reasonable adjustment which can exclude individuals with disabilities. By supporting an individual’s diversity by recognising their differences and valuing them and their individuality, by supporting individuals equality, treating a person equally, by including them in all group activities and encouraging individuals to express their views and opinions, by not treating anyone differently due to their background, ethnicity, culture, race, age, sexual orientation, personality, disability, religion, beliefs and gender and overall promoting good practice and prevent/stop the likelihood of abuse. When we work in an inclusive way we are openly communicating with people by, getting to know what their preferences are and building trust. When a person has someone they trust, they become less of a victim, less likely to be discriminated against. Discrimination can be challenged in adult social care settings by providing the appropriate training to make everyone aware of how to prevent and control discrimination.

Racism: Are We Better Off Colour Blind? :: essays papers

Racism: Are We Better Off Colour Blind? My background is Italian, so that makes me Italian-Canadian. The only time I have personally experienced racism was when I was called a "wop." This is how it felt: hurtful, degrading, humiliating. This is what it made me feel like as a person: worthless, inferior, powerless. Is this what goes on in the world? Is it truly fair? That is what my experience made me wonder. People who taunt others, in my opinion, are actually insecure about themselves. It might be because they are uncomfortable with who they are as a person, or how they look, but whatever the reason is, they only put down others to build themselves up. These kind of people are often very brave in front of others, but lose much of their power when on their own. This goes to show, racism isn't just caused by just one person, but many people who have had ideas put into their heads. These leaders would be powerless without their followers. A famous example of this is Adolf Hitler. Hitler was a German dictator and soldier who vocalized his extreme racist veiws to the Mien Kampf. He was appointed chancellor in 1933, and clearly expressed his opinions, which led to the policy of the extermination of Jews. He was a great leader, and once even recieved a bravery award in WWI. Hitler started a Great massacre, known as The Holocaust, in particular, the complete extermination of European Jews and others by the Nazis in Germany (1933-45). Jews, as well as others considered racially inferior by the Nazis, were killed in concentration camps. Concentration camps were detention centres for people considered racially or socially undesirable and political opponants.What went on in these camps was truely horrible: gruesome medical experiments, slave labour, discusting and brutal torture methods. Total Jewish deaths estimated at more than 6 million. It is disturbing to even think that an evil character such as Hitler was admired and respected by so many people, when his veiws were so obviously distorted and cruel. What could drive someone to do something as terrible as that is beyond me. But, sadly, even though Holocaust is over, many people still believe Jews are dirty and don't deserve to live. And the discrimanation doesn't end with Jewish people, people also discriminate against: African Americans, Asians, Caucasions, Hispanics, and Oriental people. Organizations such as the KKK or the Black Panthers are strictly black against white. They kill each other and promote extreme hate towards

Homlessness in the US

In the two studies I reviewed, both pertained to school aged homeless children. Both studies were conducted to determine the need for a better education for these children. The first study I reviewed was called, Sheltered homeless children: Their eligibility and unmet need for special education evaluations. This study focused on the exploration of unmet need of special education evaluations for homeless children in Los Angeles, California. The second of my studies was called, Cognitive and academic functioning of homeless children compared to housed children. The analyzation focused on the effects of being homeless to a child's cognitive and academic functioning. Both of the above studies brought about the same basic issue of homeless children having the right to a better education. In both studies it was determined that homeless children, when tested, perform rather poorly in the area of academics. In the first study (Sheltered Homeless Children: Their Eligibility and Unmet Need for Special Education evaluations) homeless shelters were selected randomly and from these families were selected that consisted of one child aged 6 to 12 years. Testing was performed in a quiet place. There were 118 parents and 169 children involved in the study. The parents were asked questions pertaining to the how and why of homelessness. The homeless children were tested with questions from the RAND Course of Homelessness Study 3. 9, a Behavior Checklist, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, the National Health Service, and the Woodcock-Johnson Language Proficiency Battery Assessment Test. The Peabody Vocabulary picture test was also used in the second study. In the second study (Cognitive and Academic Functioning of Homeless Children compared with Housed Children) the homeless children and their mothers selected for the study were from the Bronx in NY. There were 102 homeless children in the study. They were between the ages of 6-11, around the same age group as the first study; they were sought out of public schools. The housed children were selected randomly for the study. The mothers were asked how and why they became homeless and how long they had been homeless, and if they had a job, as in the study before. The children were all tested with numerous tests pertaining to their academic and cognitive functioning skills. The Raven's Test, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, the Wide-range Achievement Test, a Child Depression Inventory test, and A maternal Anxiety test were issued to the children. Both of the studies focused on the same issue, that homeless children were not being assessed for their need of assistance with their academics. The first study did not involve children who were not homeless but the second study used them as a control. The second study also focused more on the effects of being homeless leading to anxiety and depression. Both of the studies had determined that homeless children have poorer scores compared to those that are non-homeless, and that they are more developmentally delayed. Both the studies also found that they have a higher rate of learning disabilities. There is also a higher need to assess children who might be eligible for special education services. The findings of the first study imply that there is a high level of unmet need for special education evaluations for homeless children. There should be more procedures conducted to determine one's eligibility for special education services for the homeless. Also, interventions should be provided for school-aged homeless children from special education professionals, general health care providers, and housing services. The second study suggests that there needs to be more of an effort to educate those that are homeless by academic professors. There needs to be more assessment of special education for these children. The study also touched on the fact that these children are often depressed and have a high rate of anxiety, this should be assessed through counseling services. In both of the studies, society needs to take an interest in helping get these children off the streets in the first place. The main purpose for both of the studies was to examine the impact homelessness has on a child's academic functional level. In both of the studies it was found that homeless children between the ages of 6-12 scored lower on achievement tests. They also had a higher level of depression and anxiety. Furthermore, they also had an increased rate of learning disabilities and the need for special education evaluations. Society needs to put more of an effort in getting these children off the streets and into a proper home so they can grow more academically and to develop at a typical rate. Academic professionals need to assess their need of assistance with their work and assess a higher need of special education evaluations. Professionals need to understand that these children have a harder time concentrating on their academic material because they are faced with issues like where they are going to sleep tonight instead of 4+3.

Economics Effects of Monopoly.Docx Uploaded Successfully

Economics effects of monopoly. In pure monopoly, a monopolist will charge a higher price compared to the firms in purely competitive industry. They also sell a smaller level of output than the firms that involve in pure competition. Compared to pure competition, monopoly is inefficient in both productive and allocative efficiency. In purely competitive industry, the entry and exit of the firms will ensure that the P = MC + min. ATC. However, for pure monopoly industry there is no entry and exit of firms as it is conquer by only one party.The marginal revenue (MR) curve lies below the demand and the produces output where MR = MC, so, the price exceeds the marginal costs (MC) and also exceeds the lowest average total cost (ATC). Pure Competition Pure Monopoly Price Price Quantity Quantity Pc D D Qc S = MC Pc MC Qc MR Qm Pm P = MC = min. ATC MR = MC Figure [ 1 ]: Comparison of pure competition and pure monopoly. Looking at the chosen firm which is TNB, as In pure monopoly, there is an e fficiency loss which is called dead weight loss (also known as excess burden and allocative efficiency).This situation occurs because the sum of consumer surplus + producer surplus is less than the maximum. In other words, this situation occurs either because of the people who have more marginal benefit than marginal cost are not buying the product, or those who have more marginal cost than marginal benefit are buying the product. Income transfer Monopoly wills increases income inequality because the profits are not equally distributed. Monopoly will cause the transfer of income from consumers to the stockholders who own monopoly.This can be seen through levy of â€Å"private tax† on consumers. The owners will gain benefit at the expense of consumers. Cost complications In pure monopoly, the costs may vary because of four factors: 1. Economies of scale According to www. bized. co. uk , economies of scale is the advantages of large scale production that result in lower unit (a verage) costs (cost per unit). Some firms reach large economies of scale because of specialized input, the spreading of product developing costs, simultaneous consumption and network effects.Simultaneous consumption is the ability of product to satisfy a big numbers of consumers at the same time and network effects are increase of value of product to each consumer. 2. X-Inefficiency X-Ineffiency is when the firms produce level of output that is higher than the lowest ATC. X-Inefficiency occurs due to poor management decisions, principal agent problem, poor worker motivation or ineffective supervision as the results of reliance on â€Å"rules of thumb† instead of real costs or revenue decision. Figure [ 2 ]: X-Inefficiency 3. Rent seeking expenditures

buy custom “Confronting Intimate Partner Violence, A Global Health Care Priority” essay

buy custom â€Å"Confronting Intimate Partner Violence, A Global Health Care Priority† essay The article under consideration is headlined Confronting Intimate Partner Violence, A Global Health Care Priority; it was written by K.S. Chibber and S. Krishnan and has been published in May, 2011. The presented article deals with one of the main aspects of intimate partner violence, mainly the cures and approaches which are nowadays used in order to combat diverse consequences of it as well as prevent IPV. The overall aim of the article is to address the core issues related to the confronting techniques aimed at prevention of IPV as well as curing of its victims. It should be noted that the paper addresses techniques and methods which are used in both developed and developing countries as the authors ascertain that there are huge differences in organizing IPV-combating facilities and staff in industrial world and the world of the developing countries. The authors state that the use of antenatal care and other related care techniques has increased for one third in Asia and 14% in Latin America during 1991-2000; nowadays, these numbers tend to expand which of course makes this problem urgent. The article also asserts that non-abused pregnant women are less likely to become victims of murders, assaults, or other attempted crimes than those pregnant women who have already experienced violence. Therefore, the authors consider that this factor should be among the most important ones which are to be considered more attentively by those who draft and adopt IPV prevention poicies and programs. Moreover, the authors claim that the programs aimed at prevention of IPV should become an integral part of the reproductive health policies. The article goes on with the enumeration of the consequences of IVP. They are all different and largely depend upon the type of violence inflicted on a victim. Among the others are physical disabilities, unwanted or unplanned pregnancies, chronic pain, HIV infections, maternal mortality, sexually transmitted illnesses, etc. At the same time, the authors stress that the costs needed for health care of victims of IPV are huge, which once more proves that this problem is urgent and should be addressed immediately and properly. It has been reported that health care costs needed for women who have experienced violence range from 42% to 31% more than needed for those who have not been victims of IPV. It should also be noted that the statistics of the victims of IPV differs in developing and developed countries. For example, according to reports, almost 90% of women have become victims of IPV during the first five years of marriage in the developing countries. The situation is a little different in the developed states where women in their mid or late adolescence usually become victims of IPV. Considering the approaches aimed at combating outcomes of the IPV, the authors assert that despite the fact that individual providers care is nowadays severely reformed, it has been reported to be rather effective. At the same timee, the authors point out three different models for organizing facilities aimed at providing help to victims of IPV. Therefore, there are one-stop centers where all the necessary services are provided, a department within the primary care centers, and one center with multiple functions which refers to other centers with specific services. Finally, the authors point that in general there are three main challenges for IPV policy adopters. First of all, there is a necessity to expend prevention interventions of IPV beyond traditionally used techniques. Secondly, decisions regarding IPV should be strictly evidence-based. Thirdly, the authors ascertain that IPV prevention policies should include men, families, and communities and be of comprehensive character. In my opinion, this article is of great use for students, lecturers, as well as those who are interested in IPV issues. I find it to be rather comprehensive as it provides an in-depth analysis of different problematic issues surrounding IPV such as its prevention and combating. Moreover, it is rather interesting to discover statistics regarding IPV in both developing and developed countries as it differs a lot. In addition, the authors thoroughly cover the aspects regarding the main approaches used for establishment of health care centers for victims of IPV. However, since the authors have not paid much attention to the causes of IPV, I assume that the future studies should be dedicated to this issue as it is also should be considered while adopting IPV prevention programs. Buy custom â€Å"Confronting Intimate Partner Violence, A Global Health Care Priority† essay

Causes of stress and its solution

The circumstances that cause stress are called stressors. Stressors vary in severity and duration .For example the responsibility of caring for a sick parent may be an ongoing source of major stress , whereas getting stuck in a traffic jam mat cause mild short term stress .Some events such as death of a loved one are stressful for everyone .But in other situations ,individuals may respond differently to the same event. Stressors can be classified into 3 general categories: 1)catastrophic stress 2)Major life changes 3)Daily hassles In addition simply thinking about unpleasant past events or anticipating unpleasant future events can cause stress for many people. 1)Catastrophe: Is a sudden , often, life threatening calamity or disaster that pushes people to do outer limits of their coping capability example earthquakes ,tornadoes ,fires ,floods and hurricanes as well as wars ,torture ,automobile accidents , violent physical attacks and sexual assaults . They often continue to affect the individuals mental health long after the event has taken place. 2)Major life changes: The most stressful events for adults involve major life changes such as death of a spouse ,family member ,divorce , imprisonment ,loosing ones job and major personal disability or illness . The most stressful events for adolescents are death ,imprisonment or divorce of parents ,personal disability or illness .Getting married is a positive experience but planning the wedding ,deciding whom to invite ,and dealing with family  members may be stressful for the couples. 3)Daily hassles: Much of the stress in our lives results from having to deal with daily hassles pertaining to our jobs ,personal relationships and everyday living circumstance .Many people experience the same hassles everyday example living in a noisy neighbourhood ,commuting with heavy traffic ,disliking ones fellow workers ,worrying about money , waiting in a long line and misplacing or losing things .When taken individually , this hassles may feel like minor irritants , but cumulatively , they can cause significant stress . Studies have found that one’s exposure to daily hassles is actually more predictive of illness than is exposure to major life events . SOLUTIONS TO STRESS 1)coping with stress: Coping with stress means using thoughts and actions to deal with stressful situations and lower our stress levels. People who cope well with stress tend to believe that the can personally influence what happens to them .The usually make more positive statements about themselves ,resist frustration ,remain optimistic and persevere even under extremely adverse circumstances. People who cope poorly with stress tend to have somewhat opposite personality characteristic such as low self esteem and a pessimistic outlook on life. Coping strategies: Psychologists distinguish 2 broad types of coping strategies: a)Problem focused coping b)Emotional focused coping The goal of both strategies is to control ones stress level. In problem focused coping people try to short circuit negative emotions by taking some actions to modify ,minimize or avoid the threatening situation . In emotional focused coping people try to directly moderate or eliminate unpleasant situations. Problem focused coping is the most effective coping strategy. 2)Social support: Social support from friends ,family members and others who care for us goes a long way in helping us to get by in times of trouble. Social support system provides us with emotional sustenance ,tangible resource ,aid and information when we are in need .People with social support feel cared about and valued by others and feel a sense of belonging to a larger social network. 3)Bio feedback: Bio feedback is a technique by which people learn voluntary control of stress related physiological response such as skin temperature ,muscle tension ,blood pressure and heart rate .Normally people cannot control these responses voluntarily .Individuals learn to be sensitive to subtle changes inside their body that affect the response system being measured. 4)Relaxation: There are 2 types of relaxation A)Progressive muscular relaxation B)Relaxation We should learn to relax our body. 5)Aerobic exercise: Aerobic exercise such as running , walking ,biking and skiing can help keep stress level down because the increase the endurance of the heart and lungs ,an aerobically fit individual will have a lower heart rate at rest and lower blood pressure ,less reactivity to stressors and quicker recovery from stressors.

What The Course Offers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What The Course Offers - Essay Example A student is first enrolled in kindergarten, the primary, secondary and finally university. In all the stages of education, a student is taught different things from various subjects. The course shows the importance of these learning activities to the growth of the whole person. As the child’s brain develops, the involvedness of learning activities also increases. It is necessary for students to undergo the various stages of learning for them to identify the truth. The university education is crucial for students as it helps them know the truth by conducting research. The course helps students to recognize the importance of research as far as the truth is concerned; it contributes to unraveling the secret behind some issues. The course sensitizes the importance of continuous learning as it helps students know the things they could not have learned. In conclusion, the course opens the mind of learners concerning the significance of learning. Learning is a continuous process, and it assists students in mental, psychological and physical development. The course offers much information regarding how to learn.

Intro to Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Intro to Philosophy - Essay Example The present paper will uncover the claims of science wherein it does not acknowledge the existence of souls. Moreover, the current study will also take the adage of the religious side wherein they hardly believe with their fundamental faith to a supernatural human being as the master of souls. Thence, every single question to what composes the soul with its possible or impossible existence will be recovered in this paper as the questions will then serve as a justification with regard to how the unanswered questions reveal the perspective of this paper. Scientific Claims â€Å"God did not create life, science created life† (Sanders 237). Such line adheres to the importance of science. It opposes the religious rites and faith of the Christian society. However, the science claims that the evolution itself speaks of how a person could be influenced to what the people in the society dictate which could made them think of a wishful unstoppable life with the concept of soul (Grange 1 6). The scientific studies claim the connection of one’s mental usage of mind in which people use this for the purpose of thinking outside the boundaries of what one loves to think about (Goetz and Taliaferro 152). Accordingly, the soul does not exist because the body makes its own physical features worthy enough to be used as actions will be made and as a person could be able to act what is accordingly reasonable with purpose. Asma claimed that it is the way of science that soul is unclear and unknown because scientists could not prove or see it even in a microscopic way (qtd. in Goetz and Taliaferro 157). The field of science does not believe that a certain word or thing could exist when evidence is not seen. Science did not see anything that would serve as a proof like how invisible the soul is towards how the humanity exists. They believe that souls are definite in terms of how an individual’s mental set of mind primes the body on the proper actions that must be ta ken. Scientists then perceive that soul is just part of a person’s mental structuring in which the body could interact with (Goetz and Taliaferro 157). This could mean that scientists believed that it is the choice and option of every human being to think how soul can be interpreted in one’s set of beliefs. They tend to mean that people dictate their minds to choose on what is proper and inappropriate to believe. To believe in the existence of the soul that would be independent from one’s own body distinguishes that a person believes even when he does not see it. This is what science contradicts about because they could only hear the soul in the dictates of every human being, and they could not justify it in the means of their own practical activities and measurements. Religious Claims What the science claims is contradictory in the field of religion. St. Thomas Aquinas and St. Augustine believed that souls are independent from the body because of the omnipresen t God (Goetz and Taliaferro 30). Christian testaments (old) before in the Christian Medieval period emphasized this notion that souls are not snared inside the body. Religious faiths believe that souls are free and endless because God is the ultimate beholder of it. Every human being deserves to be less humane when death came across their lives because the religion took beneath on what the supernatural power of God condemns. Religion believes that

Rhetorical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Rhetorical analysis - Essay Example The author of the tube effectively uses pathos and logos to convince students that they should stop drinking bottled water because it harms their finances, health, and environment. The rhetorical situation concerns the purpose of the video’s author, which is to persuade University of Arizona students that they should stop drinking bottled water because of the belief in bottled water’s numerous bad effects on drinkers and the environment. The author is a student of University of Arizona. He studied the pros and cons of bottled water using legitimate references. He concludes that bottled water’s disadvantages outweigh its advantages. The context includes the bottled-water drinking culture that is popular in developed countries, as well as in the university campus. The exigence is that not many people are aware of the negative impacts of bottled water, especially when clean tap water is available. The author wants to correct this lack of awareness through a YouTube video. The genre is through YouTube because it is easy to use and can reach a large audience. Since target audiences are common YouTube users, the author can access them through this video. The video can also include emotional elements that cannot be easily added to print materials, such as music and changing images. It is a genre that can have a large appeal to students. Furthermore, the author seeks to influence the target audience, who are University of Arizona students, to change their bottled-water drinking habits. Since there are around 40,000 students, the author believes that together, they can make a difference (Zhang). If they stop drinking bottled water every day, they can seriously reduce the effects of bottled water on their health, money, and school community (Zhang). In addition, the relations exist, where consumers have a large impact on the bottled water industry. Individually, they have no power. The bottled water industry is large enough to use advertisements and other marketing promotions to promote the pros of bottled water over tap water, without mentioning the pros of tap water at all. The power of the target audience lies in their number and collective action. Thus, the rhetorical situation relies on the need to resolve the problems of bottled water. The author effectively uses pathos, specifically through music, images, and emotional words, to inform students about the consequences of bottled water and to emphasize their role in stopping it. The music is soothing, as if trying to relax the audience. The aim is to open their minds to the realities of bottled water. The music seeks to emphasize that the beauty of their health and the world rely on their action of drinking tap, not bottled, water. The author also relates statistics to student lives. After computing the cost of drinking bottled water a year, the video says that the expense is equal to a student’s rent payment (Zhang). The result is a strong emotional impact due to t he connection between money spent on bottled water to money spent on rent. Images of students are actively used too to stress student’s participation in bottled water use. The images of happy students at the beginning indicate that they have an active role in ensuring this happiness through not drinking bottled

Simulation of Current Computer Networks

Simulation of Current Computer Networks The current Internet is based on IP protocol and supports only best effort services. With the exponential growth of Internet during the last years, IP networks are expected to support not only typical services like ftp and email, but also real-time services and video streaming application. The traffic characteristics of these applications require a certain Quality of Service (QoS) from the network in terms of bandwidth and delay requirements. We examine three queuing disciplines which are widely deployed and we compare their performance using simulation carried out in OPNET. The queuing disciplines considered in this paper are: First-In-First-Out (FIFO), Priority Queuing (PQ) and Weighted Fair queuing (WFQ). Background: In general, a queue is a line of people or things waiting to be handled, usually in sequential order starting at the beginning or top of the line or sequence. In network prospective packets are queuing in memory buffer of network devices like router and switch. Generally the packets are managed in first in first out fashion. To improve the quality of services different techniques use with the following properties like packets are handled fairly and prioritized properly. Several queuing techniques are uses to manage internet traffic, FIFO, WFQ, PQ. FIFO is common in all the queuing schemes, as it describes the basic method in which packets flow through queues. First in First out Queue (FIFO): FIFO queuing is the most basic queue scheduling discipline. In FIFO queuing, all packets are treated equally by placing them into a single queue, and then servicing them in the same order that they were placed into the queue. FIFO queuing is also referred to as First come, first served (FCFS) queuing. Figure 1: FIFO Queue. Priority Queue (PQ): Priority queuing (PQ) is the basis for a class of queue scheduling algorithms that are designed to provide a relatively simple method of supporting differentiated service classes. In classic PQ, packets are first classified by the system and then placed into different priority queues. Packets are scheduled from the head of a given queue only if all queues of higher priority are empty. Within each of the priority queues, packets are scheduled in FIFO order. Figure 2: Priority Queue. Weighted Fair Queue (WFQ): This is the combination of PQ and Fair Queue. In fair queue the problem is solved some queues may not get serviced because high-priority queues are being serviced. A round-robin approach is used to service all queues in a fair way. In WFQ All queues are serviced so that none are starved, but some queues are serviced more than others. A weight is applied to queues to give some queues higher priority. For example, one queue may get half the available bandwidth and other queues will get an allocation of the remaining bandwidth. Traffic may be prioritized according to packet markings, source and destination IP address fields, port numbers, and information in the ToS field. WFQ weights traffic so that low-bandwidth traffic gets a fair level of priority. If high-priority queues are not in use, lower-priority traffic uses its queues. This prevents high-bandwidth traffic from grabbing an unfair share of resources. WFQ uses an intelligent congestion management solution that provides à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“fairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  sharing of the interface bandwidth between multiple traffic flows. A traffic à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“flowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (or conversation) is a unidirectional sequence of packets, defined based on the protocol type, the source/destination IP addresses, the source/destination ports numbers (when available), and partially on the IPv4 ToS byte value. For example, an HTTP file transfer between two hosts represents one packet flow, while ICMP packets sent from one host to another represents a second. The WFQ shares this buffer space between all flow queues. Figure 3: Weighted Fair Queue. Problem Solutions Q1: Analyze the graphs we obtained and verify the overlap of the Voice Packet End to End Delay and Voice Packet Delay Variation graphs. Compare the three queuing disciplines and explain their effect on the performance of the three applications. Packets Drop: Figure 4: IP Traffic Dropped for FIFO,PQ,WFQ. For all three cases, Transmission starts at 1 min 45 sec because for all three profiles start at time=100sec=1 min 40 sec and offset for each application from start of profile is 5 sec. Voice client/server rate= 500 packets/sec Video client/server: 130 packets/ sec FTP Client/server: 1- 33 packets/ sec For FTP, TOS=0 For Video TOS=4 For Voice TOS=6 In case of FIFO, there is only 1 queue of size 500 packets. In FIFO there is no priority to any type of traffic. When more packets arrive then transmitted, these are stored in a queue. If queue is full then any incoming packet will be dropped until there is some space in queue. As in case of FIFO there is no priority assigned to any type of traffic , queue will become full in less time because voice packets (500 packets/sec) will fill queue more quickly when router is transmitting other packets (packets of video and ftp client). For PQ, these are queue profile settings depending upon TOS of incoming traffic. For FTP, tos = 0, Priority= low, queue size= 80 packets For Video tos = 4, Priority = medium, queue size= 40 packets For Voice tos= 6, Priority = high, queue size= 20 packets Now PQ, Voice packets have highest priority. After voice, Video traffic has high priority and FTP has lowest priority. Affect of this is less dropped packets in queue because in PQ, each different TOS has different queue. Voice packets have highest priority so they are transmitted as soon as received. So now, ftp and video traffic cannot hold the bandwidth when there is voice packet to send. Similarly video traffic has priority over FTP. Important thing to note is that queue size is low for higher priority queues because low priority traffic need to wait more when there are high priority packets coming. Now for WFQ, Parameters are: For FTP, tos=0, weight = 1, queue size= 500 packets For Video tos=4, weight = 40, queue size= 500 packets For Voice tos=6, weight = 60, queue size= 500 packets Buffer capacity: 1000 packets For WFQ, although queue size is 500 for each queue but WFQ uses shared buffer that means it allows queue size to increase even after 500pkts until buffer capacity is filled. When buffer is full this means interface is in the state of congestion, now the interface starts enforcing the individual queue limits as explained in theory. So at 2 min and 40 sec approx, interface reaches at congestion state, now max size of each queue is enforced to 500 packets and new incoming packets are dropped. After congestion state, as now queue size has been enforced to 500 for each flow, now packets drop increase even a little bit more than PQ because in case of WFQ 40/101 ~= 40% BW is also assigned to Video traffic, So here Voice traffic has to wait when its turn for video packets causing packet loss after queue is full as opposed to PQ where voice traffic does not need to wait. Traffic Received for Video Conferencing: Figure 5: Video Conferencing Traffic Received. Traffic received for Video Conferencing is higher in the case of FIFO as compared to PQ and WFQ at steady state. For PQ, whole channel is occupied by voice packets because whenever there is voice traffic other traffic is stopped hence traffic received for Video Conferencing is less in PQ. Now for WFQ, at start traffic received is higher because system is not in congested state and WFQ is using shared buffer of 1000 packets size as compared to 500 packets buffer of FIFO, but as congestion state is achieved at approx 2 min 40 sec as shown in Fig4. Packet drop increases and now queue size of 500 packets is enforced for each queue. Also video packets are given weight of 40, while voice packets are given weight 60 this means video packets are given less priority which results in less traffic for video in WFQ. Traffic Received for VoIP: Figure 6: Voice Traffic Received. Traffic received for voice is less in case of FIFO as compared to the other two scenarios. FIFO is first come first serve based mechanism, in which no special traffic priority is given to any type of traffic. As in Fig5 In case of FIFO traffic received for Video traffic is more this surely leads to less traffic received for Voice traffic. In this case voice, FTP and video packets have equal opportunity. Now in case of PQ and WFQ, received traffic for voice is higher compared to the FIFO system. In PQ, Voice traffic is given highest priority and these packets are transmitted as soon as they are received, similarly voice traffic is also given priority in case of WFQ by assigning weight 60 as compared to 40 assigned for video traffic. Figure 7: Voice Traffic Received. If we further zoom in the Fig6 to analyze the small difference in the curves of PQ and WFQ for voice traffic. At start voice traffic is same for both, but after approx 2 min 30 sec, traffic received in case of WFQ fall a little bit due to congestion phenomenon in WFQ as already explained above in the report. End to End Delay for Voice Packets: Figure 8: Voice Packet End-to-End Delay. In case of PQ and WFQ, the end to end delays are almost negligible. Reason for such a small delay is the priority given to voice packets in case of PQ and WFQ. In PQ voice packets are given priority by stopping all other traffic when voice packets are coming and in WFQ voice packets are given priority by assigning higher weight i.e. approx 60% of bandwidth is assigned to voice traffic communication. In case of FIFO, there is no priority; all the packets are severed on first come and first out basis. So when there is video or FTP traffic, voice traffic has to wait. At start delay increases sharply, because at start buffer is empty and voice packets are served quickly but as buffer continues to fill up, delay increases because now voice packets has to wait more in buffer . When buffer is full, As in Fig8 at 2 min approx, now delay is approx constant with little variations because buffer is full so every packet has to wait at least until 500 packets of buffer are transmitted before its turn. Delay Variation for Voice Packets: Figure 9: Voice Packet Delay Variation and overlap with Voice packet End-to-End Delay. Packet delay variation is Variance among end to end delays for voice packets. From Fig9, Delay variation is less for PQ and WFQ as compared to FIFO. PQ and WFQ have the negligible delay variation. For FIFO, at start delay variation rises quickly to peak point this is because at start end to end delay variation is greater as buffer is empty and start filling as explained in Fig8 and then end to end delay becomes approx constant around a mean value when buffer is full as explained already in description of Fig8 which is reason why Packet delay variation decreases after peak point. Actually Packet Delay Variation does not only depend upon previous delay value. It is the cumulative effect of all the previous packets as we have already researched on it in period 2 Voice over IP delay measurements paper assignment in course Internet Services and Traffic Measurements. So as the end to end delay becomes more constant, packet delay variation value falls. In the case of PQ and WFQ delay variation is very small because end to end delay is very small; also there is no variation in end to end delay because voice packets are given highest priority in Both PQ and WFQ. Q2: In the implemented project, edit the Queues object and check the profiles assigned to the FIFO, PQ, and WFQ discipline. For each profile answer the following questions: How many queues are associated with each discipline? Table 1: Number of queues in each configuration Queue Configuration Number of queues FIFO 1 PQ 4 WFQ 8 In this lab, we used ToS to identify the priority and weight for the PQ and WFQ disciplines. What are the other parameters that can be used to identify the priority and weight? Protocol, Port and DSCP are the other parameters that can be used to identify priority and weight. In PQ, how are queues configured to serve different ToS values? Router identifies priority based on TOS field of the incoming packets and sort incoming packets in appropriate queue based on TOS. Table 2: PQ queue configuration Queue Priority Label ToS Queue Size 0 Low Best Effort(0),Background(1) 80 1 Normal Standard(2),Excellent(3) 40 2 Medium Steaming Multimedia(4),Interactive Multimedia(5) 60 3 High Interactive Voice(6),Reserved(7) 20 In WFQ, how are queues configured to serve different ToS values? In WFQ, weights are assigned to serve different TOS and TOS field of incoming packets is checked to route them in a specific queue and queues are served based on weights. Table 3: WFQ queue configuration Queue Weight ToS 0 1 Best Effort 1 10 Background 2 20 Standard 3 30 Excellent Effort 4 40 Streaming Multimedia 5 50 Interactive Multimedia 6 60 Interactive Voice 7 70 Reserved Q3: Compare queuing delay for all queuing disciplines. Queuing Delay for all scenarios: Figure 10: Queuing Delay for each configuration. From Fig10, FIFO has the worst queuing delay which is higher than the PQ because in case of FIFO there is only one queue and packets are served on first come first served basis. When there is other traffic, packets has to wait in queue. There is not much difference between the PQ and WFQ queuing delay. PQ has slightly higher queuing delay as compared to WFQ because PQ gives highest priority to voice traffic and when voice packets are coming then all other (Video and FTP) packets have to wait in queue while in case of WFQ each queue has a share in BW and packets in one queue does not disturbs the right of other queues to transmit. Specifically, in our example, there are more voice packets in traffic as compared to video packets. So assigning a weight of 60 to voice as compared to 40 for video justifies it. Conclusion In this lab, by using three different types of traffic, we analyzed the effect of different queuing systems on network performance in terms of packet loss, end to end delay and delay variation. In case of FIFO packets drop is greater as compared to PQ and WFQ. FIFO does not utilizes any priority scheme it works on first come first server basis ,when queue is full , incoming packets are dropped unless there is some space in queue. PQ gives priority to specific type of traffic, it is good when one type of traffic is very time sensitive and important and remaining traffic does not demand any special timing limits. PQ fails when there are many different types of traffic which are time sensitive because PQ does not shares Band Width equally with all types of traffics, So highest prioritized traffic can jam the rest of communication. WFQ is the combination of FIFO and PQ where bandwidth is shared between all queues and each queue get its turn in a round robin fashion. We concluded after analyzing graphs of different queues PQ and WFQ queuing system has very small end to end delay and delay variation which is required for real time applications where traffic is time sensitive e.g. VoIP or Video Conferencing.

50s TV :: essays research papers

This is a revolutionary invention that is compared to the Light Bulb. It is large box with shades of black and white that replaced the every day listened to radio by a mile. What is it you say? It is the Television. This new device brought the images of the world to every home of America replacing the only listened to radio shows easily. As popular as the radio shows were this new addition of picture made TV shows soar in popularity. With a variety of shows ranging from Westerns to Game Shows the TV was unquestionably to invention of the decade all thanks to the outstanding competitive broadcasting of the TV Shows. Although their were many great shows in there 50’s a few stand out from them all, â€Å"I Love Lucy† maintaining 4 number 1 spot rankings, Gunsmoke with 3 number 1 spot rankings, and The 64,000 Dollar Question.. Gunsmoke the king of all Western Shows was the longest running Western of all time, and was also televison longest running series with continuing characters. "Gunsmoke" was about a Mrshell by the name of Matt Dillon ,stared by James Arness, in the frontier town of Dodge City, Kansas in 1873. His kindly companion was Doc Adams , played by Milburn Stone, was the town physician who spent many hours chugging beers at the Longbranch Saloon, owned and operated by the shapely Kitty Russell, who was always attracted to the marshal. In the 50’s a new type of show became huge. This type of show was called â€Å"Game Shows†. These gave prices to lucky contestants who would answer correct questions. The biggest of these Game Shows was The 64,000 Dollar Question. Although many loved it, it was still fixed, and so were many other game shows to. The producers of these shows would give the answers to the most likeable contestants so they would win.

Ampalaya Cupcake

INTRODUCTION Cupcake is considered to be one of the best and popular desserts in the world. It was then introduced in the United States in the 19th century, and it was revolutionary because of the amount of time it saved in the kitchen. The name of the cupcake originated from the two theories: the cakes were originally cooked in cups and the other one the ingredients used to make the cupcakes were measured out by cups (Food Timeline Web).On the early part, cupcakes were called â€Å"number† cakes, for reasons that they were easy to remember by the measurements of ingredients it took to create them but today cupcakes have expanded to a wide variety of ingredients, measurements, shapes and decorations. Cupcakes were convenient because they cooked much quicker than larger cakes. When baking was down in hearth ovens, it would consume a lot of time to bake a cake, and the final product would often be burned. Since their creation in 20th century, cupcakes have become a pop culture t rend in the culinary world.They have spawned dozens of bakeries, devoted entirely to cupcakes that have popped up all over the country, and not just in metropolitan cities. Chefs and bakers publish books with decorating tips and fancy ideas for ingredients to use in cupcake. Food magazines publish special issues with full-color photography and recipes submitted all over the country. Blogs are also updated every day with cupcake news and recipes Due to this phenomenon the BBS Corporation decided to innovate the cupcake to have twists not only with its taste but also with its nutritional value content as well.Ampalaya will be our main ingredient. Ampalaya or Bitter Melon/Bitter Gourd is a vegetable that grows in Asia, the Caribbean, East Africa and South America. People eat it as a food as well as use it for medicinal purposes to help treat conditions including diabetes, cancer and viral infections. Bitter melon affects certain hormones, including insulin and leptin. Due to its bitter taste many people don’t like to eat Amplaya even though it is healthy. As a result of this, The BBS Corporation decided to put different flavors of fruit jam such as strawberry, banana and mango jam as our minor ingredients, with this many lients will be interested on ordering our product and will be at the same time enjoying and benefited on the convenience of eating our Ampalaya Cupcake. Thus, our clients will be more health conscious and will not hesitate to consume vegetable and pastry that are getting rid off before. With this the BBS Corporation with one of its vision is to always exceed expectation and become the best in Class by making things happen and getting things done. BITTER BETTER SWEET CORPORATION MISSION-VISION MISSIONThe BBS Corporation aims that it will always exceed expectation and become the best in Class by making things happen and getting things done. VISION To be the leading and preferred manufacturer and distributor of Cupcakes in the Philippines tha t would furnish customer's desire for a new unique flavor and taste by consistently serving a unique best tasting, high quality cupcake through fast, efficient and friendly service in a clean, fun and wholesome environment. We seek to promote high quality made products with affordable price adding great taste and health benefits in oneType of Business The Bitter Better Sweet Corporation started in motion with a set of persons who loves to produce new kinds of product related in baking. The six individuals organized to be incorporated and create new invention that is new and fresh to the tastes of every individual. The proponents create its name to make it more catchy and appealing to our customers. The Bitter, symbolizes and defines the characteristic and taste of Ampalaya (Bitter melon/ Bitter Ground) while the Better, defines the health benefits of eating our product.Sweets, represent the chocolate that we will use in the top coat of the cupcake. To the core of passion in baking t he group decided to formulate a brilliant innovation on the conventional cupcake, in line with that the proponents came up with a twist on the product by making the ordinary cupcake became as a Ampalaya Cupcake (Bitter melon Cupcake). Offering this cupcake to our target market it shall integrate the interpretation of every individual that Ampalaya (Bittermelon) is very hard to eat since it has a bitter taste.The proponent has confidence that this kind of product will not be pleasing and appetizing nevertheless it will also have healthy components that will add to its uniqueness and quality prospectively ahead of the rest. Being the first one to discover this kind of product is very enchanting to everyone; the proponents pursue to their plan to start a business and prepare themselves for any risk that they will face on the succeeding years of their business.Through this basis the proponents have the idea to begin a new creation of the BBS Corporation first product, the Ampalaya (Bitt er melon) flavored cupcake that can be competitive enough to the local and global industry. Management Highlights The Management Highlights of BBS Corporation is classified into different departments and these are Administrative, Finance, Marketing, and Production in order to be specifying appropriate and needed skills and information. This will help the corporation work faster, easier, more efficient, and at the same time more productive as each of the department is varied according to their expertise.It will also highlight the make use of the best raw materials that we will purchase from all of our suppliers which have selected under the close supervision of quality control and lowest cost that will be delivered immediately to the different target areas and target market such as the restaurants and cafeteria around the Metro Manila to be specific in Murphy, Cubao in order to keep our product fresh and healthy. Marketing Highlights One of the most important elements of any business is advertising and marketing. Today many businesses fail because they were poorly marketed than for any other reason.The most important element marketing for BBS Corporation shall be its location in the sense that the target market will go by and test the product that we offer for them. The proponents will come up with different strategies such as product, price, distribution and promotion of the product that will surely attract our target market. The proponent can easily attract our target market by advertising on the different types of promotions such as billboards, flyers, posters, social networking sites Financial HighlightsThe Financial Highlights of BBS Corporation shall be responsible on taking care of all financial transactions from the raw materials being used up to the overall operational expenses. The initial capital of BBS Corporation will have the total of ? 2,400,000. 00 the amount shall determine the cost of building up the new business with acquisition of all the ne cessary equipments, machineries, tangible and intangible and other supplies needed for the operation of the business. NAME OF PARTNER| TYPE| CAPITAL| SHARE| Leocadio, Vanessa| Incorporator| ? 480,000. 00| 20% share| Lopez, Ceriena| Incorporator| ? 80,000. 00| 20% share| Lotivo,Raiza Jane| Incorporator| ? 480,000. 00| 20% share| Malana, Charmaine| Incorporator| ? 480,000. 00| 20% share| Mariano, Paula Bianca| Incorporator| ? 480,000. 00| 20% share| TOTAL| ? 2,400,000. 00| 100% shares| Socio-Economic Contribution The BBS Corporation will focus on charity events, environment protection and employment. The corporation will support at least two charity events annually by giving them cash donations amounting of P50, 000. 00. This will be the company’s own way of giving back to the community as the company grows.The charity events that the company will sponsored will be tourism events related. At the same time the charity events at the same time will return help to the company by ma king our product familiar to other potential clients or customers. As environment-friendly company, the company makes sure that proper disposal garbage whether it’s in the production or in the office, will be strictly monitored and supervised by the assigned personnel but also by all the employees working for the company as well as all the incorporators and visitors or guests.The proponents will conduct and endow employment and hiring of more workers that are residing in Murphy, Cubao for the company will be provided as the company grows. A. PRODUCT / SERVICE TO SELL I. Benefits, Features and Advantages The company offers cupcakes that are made up of Ampalaya (bitter melon) which, as we all know, have many health benefits. Fillings are added within these cupcakes which a customer can choose between banana, cheese, mango ; strawberry jam. The company has its own uniqueness in order to make our product marketable and more appealing compared to its competitors. Therefore, BBS Co . rovided a list mainly concerned about the Benefits, Advantages and Features of the product. BENEFITS| ADVANTAGES| FEATURES| BBS cupcakes state that it is healthy because of its incorporation of Ampalaya, which is widely recognized as alternative medicine. BBS cupcakes used dark chocolate in the cupcake for low sugar content. The sugar used will later be turned to energy for the body needs. BBS cupcakes used the Strawberry Jam, a very low in Saturated Fat, Cholesterol and Sodium. It is also a good source of Vitamin C. BBS Cupcakes Used The Banana Jam which majority of the people knows that it is rich in calories, but very low in fats.It contains good amount of health benefiting anti-oxidants, minerals, and vitamins. Lastly is the Mango Jam which is very low in Saturated Fat, Cholesterol and Sodium. It is also a good source of Dietary Fiber and Vitamin B6, and a very good source of Vitamin A and Vitamin C. | The cupcake is the first Ampalaya incorporated cupcake. Providing a unique and new product for clients. BBS cupcakes have health benefits compared to other cupcake brands. BBS cupcakes are appealing for health-conscious people, particularly diabetic. BBS cupcakes have cheaper price with the use of fresh ingredients.The cupcakes are filled with fruit jams that contain nutrients that are essential for the body. | BBS cupcakes provide a new taste because of Ampalaya, without the bitterness. BBS cupcakes can be served as a good dessert for a meal. BBS cupcakes state that it is a healthy product, which provide customers’ cravings and new desires. The products are filled with fruit jams in strawberry, banana and mango which goes well with the Ampalaya cupcake. | TARGET MARKET II. Area Coverage 1. Market Description Cupcakes are no longer just the domain of the school bake sale.Cupcakes are now perfect for all occasions or even without occasion, everyone can have it. Other shops now even offer cupcakes just for pets. With creative designs and delicious fla vors, the dessert is a chic addition to cafes, hotels, restaurants, tea shops and the bakery section of the local grocery store. Made with a few basic ingredients, cupcakes can be made on the cheap and sold at a high margin. With this, the group decided to choose the said product to be sold in Cubao where it is so populated. Big number of people in an area means more demand for food, and this big demand means a greater chance of making sales.The product gives a new twist to every cupcake in the industry which makes it marketable and the bakery in Cubao is very accessible and strategic. By this, we can earn profit in a fast pace and be known around the Metro Manila very quickly. 2. Target Market Profile GENERAL MARKET| PEOPLE/BUSINESS INVOLVED| DESCRIPTION| Middlemen| Sales managers, Purchasing managers, Officers/individuals, Sales Representatives. | . Negotiation will have much less hassle with their help for they can make sure that the buyer of product will get quality products tha t BBS Co. produces. Clients| Direct Sell to Cafes, Tea shops, Hotels, Restaurants and other members of the industry said. | BBS Co. will give attention and will be hands-on in direct selling transactions to these clients. | Direct Consumers| People who will buy from clients. (E. g. students, locals, cupcake lovers)| These people will play a main role in consuming and demanding the product from BBS Co. clients. | III. Consumer / Customer 3. Consumer Buying Behavior Cupcakes offer the taste of a regular-sized cake or pastry in a convenient, portable form and are less expensive, which makes them even more desirable to consumers.They are the new trend in the industry today, especially those in style. But it is said that not all cupcakes are healthy. With these statements, it just says that people have their reason for buying unhealthy cupcake products. The cupcake  trend sweeping retail and in-store bakeries has extended its reach to supermarket shelves. Cupcakes' popularity grew with help from the show  Sex and the City  where the lead characters ate cupcakes at Manhattan's upscale Magnolia Bakery. Before long, cupcake towers began replacing traditional wedding cakes and birthday cakes. Cupcakes are also great for kids because they don’t have to share.Surprisingly, it became one of the reasons of childhood obesity. This was carefully considered by the proponents of this project. They made and formulated a cupcake with a twist of bitter melon which regulates blood and sugar level. The cupcake is affordable, accessible and carefully devised to favor the cravings of the demand and the taste wouldn’t what you think of as a bitter cupcake, well it is not. It is also in a stylish form and could be customized with our consideration if a customer wishes to. This will help to market the product in the target market.To get on with those rival companies, the idea was conceptualized to make the product more appealing and crave-getter. The cupcakes, which are tasty and affordable, are also healthy. Real and fresh bitter melon will be included in the cupcakes so that they will not be just yummy, but also health-wise. The proponents of the study considered such factors to assume how the clients and customers will react to the competitiveness of the product. Cafes like Twinsiescafe in Oregon ; Buttercream coffee and cupcakes in Florida made a cupcake much more than just another sweet treat,  but to be honest, they want to make it a life style.They offer gourmet cupcakes to any variety of cupcakes that goes along well with coffee, making them potential for customers. They want customers and friends can enjoy delicious and fresh cupcakes that compliment with their coffees. That is why cafes are one of our possible clients. Tea Shops, one particular example is Moon Leaf which offers cupcakes as their compliment for their teas. Well, the product that our corporation offers is a healthy one which will be considered to tea shops who prefers a healthy lifestyle for their customers and clients.Just like cafes, the great factor is that buyers want to get quality food and beverage at a reasonable price. In restaurants, a complete meal may come up with cupcake as their dessert. The common desserts are ice cream, fruits, brownies and other confectionery products. Since cupcake fit in this industry, the proponents made restaurants as possible market for the bitter melon cupcakes of BBS Co. The restaurants that will be supplied with the product will then offer them as a dessert or separate product to be sold in their company.The customers in restaurants are primarily not sensitive to price so it will not be a reason to hesitate to the affordable cupcake that is offered. The reason that the proponents chose hotels as a client is that most of them today offer a wide variety of goods as their complimentary product. Those products can also be received by the customers as an appreciation or gift for their stay in such hotels. Sinc e our product is affordable, it would not be a hassle for a hotel company to decide and use them as a premium item or sell them in their restaurant inside the hotel as dessert or separate item.Lastly, small bakeries are considered as client since other bakeries get their product from their suppliers. BBS cupcakes are appealing and affordable which will make the customers want to buy these products. We will target those bakeries that start as a home-based bakery and grow from there. The benefit to this, of course, is low overhead. All those mentioned above are just considerations of what is observed in the customers and their company behavior. The proponents of BBS Co. will make them clients and be considerate of the profitability in managing the operation.To the customers considering their behaviors, the strategic and accessibility should be maintained to make it marketable. B. DEMAND AND SUPPLY ANALYSIS | Historical| Projected| YEAR| 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| 2012| 2013| 2014| 2015| 2016| 2017| Demand| 3. 7M| 3. 9M| 4M| 3. 6M| 4M| 3. 4M| 3. 3M| 3. 5M| 4M| 3. 2M| Supply| 3. 2M| 3. 5M| 3. 9M| 3. 5M| 4M| 3. 25M| 3. 2M| 3. 45M| 3. 95M| 3. 15M| GAP| 500k| 400k| 100k| 100k| 0| 150k| 100k| 50k| 50k| 50k| Source:http://www. ibisworld. com/industry/global/philippine-bakery-goods-manufacturing. html IV. Historical Demand (Five Years)The proponents have conducted a research about demand for pastries, particularly, cakes and cupcakes. These products are bought every day, especially on occasions and events. Demand for baked and pastry goods is being driven by changing lifestyles. Busy consumers are increasingly quick to buy convenient baked snack foods such as wraps and sandwiches. The global baked goods market has shown rapid recovery following the economic recession, recording strong growth over recent years. Consumers are now willing to spend moderately and demand high quality for their money, an equation for which retail bakeries are a solution.V. Projected Demand (Five Years) Product innovation and healthier products and ingredients are fuelling buyer growth in this industry. Emerging markets represent good market potential as western lifestyles and eating habits continue to be adopted in these regions. During these five years, cupcake companies will have a larger number until it is hard to enter and make this business profitable. This will increase competition for cupcake companies and will result to innovation after innovation and up-down demand because of instability of whom the consumers will buy their products. VI.Historical supply (Five Years) Different small cupcake companies have opened, including suppliers and direct-sellers. The total market size for the Retail and Wholesale Bakeries industry includes supply on all companies. The ‘Great Cupcake Rush of ‘09’, from coast to coast, over the past year the United States has been described as an almost inexplicable spread of cupcakeries around the world. This led the whole world to make cupcake as a business, particularly Asia which includes Philippines. Bakeries can be affected by price swings of the raw inputs. VII. Projected Supply (Five Years)It is predicted that the big growth of cupcake industry will end up on stability of its supply. Growth within the cake decoration stores industry is expected to slow to 3. 7 percent annually over the next five years, according to an October 2011. Smaller number of the said industry will enter this business due to big number of competitors. This forecast represents a dip from the growth that the industry was predicted to have enjoyed during the past five years. VIII. Demand Gap (Five Years) The demand gap shows the difference between supply and demand products.The ability to the market the product are determined by the interaction of supply and demand. C. MARKET RESEARCH IX. Procedure in Conducting Market Research The researchers devised questionnaires that would help in the study for the product in diligently manipulating the market research. These were distributed to available coffee shops, restaurants, bakeries, hotels and tea shops then tallied the results after producing the complete market research. X. Respondents Profile The researchers conveyed the survey on available coffee shops, restaurants, hotels, tea shops or even other small bakeries within Metro Manila Area.XI. Survey Results and Analysis Questionnaires are distributed to complete the market study. Questions are made up of answers that can help in developing the conclusion to the research. Some questions show facts that would answer problems of research that is being finished. SURVEY QUESTIONNARE Name (optional): ___________________________________________ Position: _______________________________ Age: ____________ Company: ________________________________________________ Directions: Do answer the following questions by encircling your best choice. 1. Does your business willing to sell cupcakes particularly made up of Amp alaya, also called as bitter melon? a. Yesb. No 2. ) Have you already chosen supplier for cupcakes? a. Yesb. No 3. ) What quality are you looking to purchase cupcakes from a supplier? a. Tastec. Aesthetic b. Price d. Others (Pls. specify) _______________ 4. ) Approximately, how much are you are you willing to spend to purchase cupcakes from your supplier per month? a. ? 10,000 – 20,000 b. ? 21,000 – 30,000 c. ?31,000 – 40,000 d. Others (Pls. specify) _______________________ 5. What do you prefer for your mode of post payment? a. 15 daysc. 45 days b. 30 daysd. Others (Pls. specify) _______________ 6. ) If possible, do you want our company to be your supplier for these healthy cupcakes? a. Yesb. No (Why? ) _______________________ 7. ) Personally, how many times in the last month have you purchased cupcake per month? a. 1c. 3 b. 5d. Others (Pls. specify) _______________ The following data shows the result of the survey. GRAPHS QUESTION No. 1: Does your business wil ling to sell cupcakes particularly made up of Ampalaya, also called as bitter melon?On Figure 1. 0 shows that 96% are willing to sell Ampalaya cupcake and the remaining 4% refused to sell cupcakes due to managerial reasons. This explain that majority of the respondents are willing to sell Ampalaya Cupcake to the market. QUESTION No. 2: Have you chosen supplier for cupcakes? Figure 2. 0 Number of respondents that already chosen a cupcake supplier On Figure 2. 0 shows that 92% of the respondents have not chosen their supplier it is either they do not have their cupcakes to sell so they have no supplier and others make their own pastries.Only 8% have their supplier. QUESTION No. 3: What quality are you looking to purchase cupcakes from a supplier? Figure 3. 0 Qualities that the Respondents look for in a Cupcake Supplier On Figure 3. 0 shows that most of the respondents refer to the taste of the cupcake which is in 58%, 28% give importance to the price, 8% for the appearance or aestheti c and 6% for other reasons such as location of supplier and quality of the product. QUESTION No. 4: Approximately, How much are you willing to spend to purchase cupcakes from your supplier per month? Figure 4. Price Competitiveness On Figure 4. 0 shows that 46% of the respondents are willing to spend ? 10,000-? 20,000 for purchasing cupcakes per month. While 28% of the respondents are willing to spend ? 21,000- 30,000, as 10% for 31,000 to 40,000 and 16% for other price which all refers to smaller amount among the choices. QUESTION No. 5: What do you prefer for your mode of post payment? Figure 5. 0 Mode of Post Payment On Figure 5. 0 shows that most of the respondents prefer to pay the moment they get the cupcakes they will buy from their supplier which is 46%. 6% prefer 15 -day credit payment and 12% for 30 days. QUESTION No. 6: If possible, Do you want our corporation (BBS Co. ) to be your supplier for these healthy cupcakes? Figure 6. 0 Interest Rate of supplying the product On Figure 6. 0 shows that 96% of the respondents are open to make BBS Co. as their supplier for Amplaya Cupcake while 4% are not open due to they already have a supplier and they don’t want to have a supplier. QUESTION NO. 7: Personally, How many times in the last month have you purchased cupcake per month? Figure 7. 0 Number of Times Purchasing a CupcakeOn Figure 7. 0 shows that as an individual the respondents purchase cupcakes every month. 44% of the respondents said that they buy cupcakes probably 5 times every month, 28% said that the quantity they buy varies every month, 20% said 3 times a month and 8% buy once either in a box/pack or per piece. D. PROJECTED SALES XII. Per Month in a Year SALES PLAN FORECAST for 2013| Ampalaya Cupcake’s Fillings| Month| Ampalaya-Banana Cupcake| Ampalaya- Cheese Cupcake| Ampalaya Mango Cupcake| Ampalaya- Strawberry- Cupcake| Monthly Units| January| 9,380| 9,380| 9,380| 9,380| 37,520|February| 8,954| 8,955| 8,954| 8,955| 35,818| March | 8,440| 8,440| 8,440| 8,440| 33,760| April| 6,500| 6,500| 6,500| 6,500| 26,000| May| 6,000| 6,000| 6,000| 6,000| 24,000| June| 8,693| 8,693| 8,693| 8,693| 34,772| July| 8,440| 8,440| 8,440| 8,440| 33,760| August| 6,495| 6,495| 6,495| 6,495| 25,980| September| 7,160| 7,160| 7,160| 7,160| 28,640| October| 7,155| 7,155| 7,155| 7,155| 28,620| November| 7,690| 7,690| 7,690| 7,690| 30,760| December| 8,635| 8,635| 8,635| 8,635| 34,540| Annual Units| 93,542| 93,543| 93,542| 93,543| 374,170| Packages Sales Plan for 2013|Product| Ampalaya-Banana Cupcake| Ampalaya- Cheese Cupcake| Ampalaya Mango Cupcake| Ampalaya- Strawberry- Cupcake| Annual Units (Box)| Box of 1| 46,802 boxes/ pieces cupcakes| 46,803 boxes/ pieces cupcakes| 46,802 boxes/ pieces cupcakes| 46,803 boxes/ pieces cupcakes| 187,210 boxes/pieces cupcakes| Box of 6| 7,790 boxes(46,740 pieces cupcakes)| 7,790 boxes(46,740 pieces cupcakes)| 7,790 boxes(46,740 pieces cupcakes)| 7,790 boxes(46,740 pieces cupcakes)| 31,160 boxes (186,960 pieces cupcakes)| Total| 54,592 boxes| 54,593 boxes| 54,592 boxes| 54,593 boxes| 218,370 boxes| XIII. In Volume and In PesosThe Sales Plan Forecast for 2013 table shown in Page 17 shows that BBS Co. will keep its product profitable by making the gap between produced and sold cupcakes very small. The cupcakes will be sold for Php44. 00 per piece to our clients. It will give Php39. 00 profit per cupcake. The suggested selling price for their customers will be Php54. 00, giving them a profit of Php10. 00 per cupcake, thus, making the product appealing for the clients because of the profit. They could also sell it for higher price. This graph shows the total sales of BBS Co. in its Ampalaya cupcake in a year.E. MARKETING PROGRAM / STRATEGIES XIV. Practices of Competitors Direct Competitors Cupcakes by Sonja and Blushing cupcakes are identified independent suppliers of cupcakes in different shops and hotels. They are not that well-known like Lemon Square and Sweet Lorraine Bakeshop whic h sell their cupcakes in shops but they have number of places where they deliver their cupcakes, they also sell it from their manufacturing place in pieces or bulks and wholesale. First is Cupcakes by Sonja, Cupcakes by Sonja 1CO3 G/F Serendra Fort Bonifacio Global City Taguig, Metro Manila 632. 915. 2936 32. 856. 0308 [email  protected] com [email  protected] com Cupcakes by Sonja is the first bakeshop in manila to specialize exclusively in cupcakes. They supply cupcakes in restaurants like OpenRice Restaurants. Designed to stir nostalgia among visitors. They only sell cupcakes upon request and with minimum of 12 cupcakes per order. In this bakery, the kitchen runs 24/7 to ensure consistent quality. Everything is handcrafted from scratch and made in tiny batches, with nothing less than ingredients as real premium French butter, Madagascar vanilla and Varlhona chocolate.Preservatives are never used because cupcakes are meant to be enjoyed fresh from the oven. There are 20+ optio ns that can be chosen and it could be customized to suit an event. Blushing Cupcakes Club 650 Libis, beside Shopwise (Main Branch) (02) 986-0704 (02) 664-0538 Website: http://blushingcupcakes. multiply. com/ Bracnch: Sky Garden, SM North EDSA (Near Sky Dome) Blushing Cupcakes was established in November 2006 as a home business catering to friends and referrals only. Then named Happy Cupcakes, the business' clientele started to grow as it distributed cupcakes to different offices, schools and bazaars.On November of 2007, just after a year when it started, the business expanded to set up its first branch in Libis, Quezon City. It was renamed to Blushing Cupcakes. Now, more people get to enjoy their cupcakes. They offer cupcakes of different decorations but mainly chocolate and mocha flavor that can be paired to their coffee product but sold separately. Their company sells the cupcakes wholesale and retail. The style of the cupcakes can also be changed depending on the client’s wants, it can be formed from tower to simply a box of cupcake.Aside from cupcakes, they offer Pastas, Sandwiches, Pizza, Floats and coffee in their main branch only. Indirect Competitors Lemon Square Head Office: 91 Sampalok St. Libtong, Meycauayan Bulacan, Philippines Tel. No. : (632) 983-9417 to 19 Fax No. : (632) 984-9142 Lemon Square's owner Dulce had always dreamed of producing the best-tasting and the highest-quality cupcakes in the Philippines, and to make these available to millions of Filipinos at a very reasonable price. She had worked on the vision for Lemon Square in her college thesis in 1980.Lemon Square had its humble beginnings in 1985 when it started to offer local communities a small selection of homemade-style baked goods. Then newly-married Dulce began baking cakes to sell to her friends. Word-of-mouth soon became the primary driving force for her cakes as demand went through the roof. She and her husband Errol soon had to buy more cake-making machines, hire more people, increase production and enhance its variety to keep up with demand and to cater to the preferences of the market.In 1995, Lemon Square had to thoroughly modernize its operations to keep up with the times. It did so by acquiring a state-of-the-art baking system that enhanced its production and efficiency. Fresh Lemon Square products can be found in major supermarkets, groceries, convenience stores, market stalls, institutional canteens sari-sari stores and snack stands in the major cities and provinces of the Philippines. Only the best local and important ingredients are used, processed through advanced, fully-automated bread-making and packaging machines from Europe.Frostings Cupcakes Trinoma Mall 3rd Level Edsa corner North Avenue, Quezon City Mobile no. : 0922-8790357 Shangri-La, Rustans 3rd Floor Children's Division, MandaluyongCity Mobile no. : 0922-8980271 Their stores are charming showcases of the way they put care and love in the preparation of our cupcakes. From the soft colors of the walls, to the eye-catching display of our delectable treats, to the cheerful elegance of packaging, and the efficient attentiveness of staff, they make sure that their stores eloquently embody firm commitment to superior quality and service.Cupcakes can also be a take home, experience it by getting a few boxes of cupcakes to share with your family or to give to your friends as a delicious gourmet gift. To enjoy Frostings Cupcakes the way they're meant to be enjoyed, one should be sure to protect them from direct exposure to sunlight, to store them in room temperature, and to consume them within a week from purchase. Their cupcakes are made fresh daily by bakers who seriously take to heart the essence of the Frostings cupcake. Each day, bakers competently rise up to the challenge of bringing the best quality cupcakes in the freshest condition possible.They spend the day in the kitchen and stay there as long as necessary to ensure that the quality of the cupcakes i s uncompromised. Sweet Lorraine Bakeshop Manila, Philippines www. sweetlorrainebakeshop. com Sweet Lorraine Bakeshop has their signature in their products, the sweetness, tanginess and creaminess of Cream Cheese Frosting and also sweet, creamy made with natural ingredients of their Butter Cream. They have caramel sauce, honeycomb and lemon curd crushed or drizzled into their cupcakes, cookies and butter cream.They would rather refuse an order if they are unable to source fresh ingredients but sometimes, best ingredients cost the most. They make everything from scratch materials. The bakeshop does not specialize in cupcakes but it is on of their offered products like their Classic Miniature cupcakes made with real vanilla beans, topped with smooth vanilla butter cream, Chocolateaholic Cupcakes, deeply sinful dark chocolate cake topped with silky smooth ganache and chocolate sprinkles and Lemon-drenched Loaf. They also have brownies like Fudge Brownies, the fudgiest richest brownies.B utterscotch Cookies are also offered with buttery caramel and ribbons of chewy and crunchy butterscotch, White Chocolate Cookies, sweet, chewy vanilla cookies with chunks of creamy Belgian white chocolate made from pure cocoa butter and sprinkled with sea salt, and Chewy Chocolate Chip Cookies, highly addictive chewy, buttery cookies made with finest Belgian bittersweet chocolate. This bakeshop is created by Lorraine Nepomuceno. Located in Manila, Philippines and is home-based. Everything is baked fresh upon order without preservatives or stabilizers and from all natural ingredients.To make the products flavorful, they use the best ingredients that are already available for them, this just means the available freshest ingredients. The products are made with the passion on the flavor. XV. Key Success Factors Before opening a bakery there are several important decisions to make. Incorporators should determine how they want to start. They will need to decide how to sell baked goods suc cessfully. The following should be considered: * Making a goal to reach a certain level of profit * Strategic Location * Quality Product * Reliability in delivery Accessibility and Convenience * People skills: Dealing with employees, customers, vendors, etc. * Advertisement Efficiency * Know Competitor’s behavior XVI. Own Marketing Program / Strategies 4. Product Strategy BBS Co. cupcakes are packed and made with essential vitamins and nutrients from fresh Ampalaya or bitter melon, it is also made from vegetable oil which is healthier than ordinary cooking oil. They are also made appetizing and affordable for the market. The packaging that will be used deals with the eco-friendly packaging with the logo of the corporation on it.It would not be an expensive packaging since the product will be supplied and the clients can make use of their own package or plating. The cupcakes will not have its specific name for they will only be mainly supplied and distributed to some businesse s like cafes, tea shops, restaurants, hotels and other small bakeries. Pictures of BBS Co. Ampalaya Cupcakes 5. Pricing Strategy The corporation will make cupcakes to be sold through the manufacturing place and be mainly engaging in direct selling. This means that the cupcakes will be sold in volumes; this will lessen the cost for operations in the company.The packaging is also made plain and low-priced materials but the attractiveness of it will be maintained. BBS Co. is offering price that has very reasonable means for every client without forfeiting the quality of the cupcakes. The lower the operating cost means that this will make the company profit. For the mode of payment, the company will have its business deal to the clients through payment by cash or credit. They can also deposit to the company through BBS Corporation’s bank account. Competitive Pricing among Competitors SIZE| PRICE| Supplier| Single cupcake| Php 54. 00 (Suggested)| BBS.Corp. | | Php60. 00 – 1 00. 00| Cupcakes by Sonja| | Php 65. 00| Blushing cupcakes| 6. Distribution Strategy BBS Co. Ampalaya cupcakes will be distributed to different establishments, especially cafes, tea shops or restaurants within Cubao that sells cupcakes. Direct selling will be implemented to these establishments and it will give advantage for it will lower the supplier’s operating cost and minimize the cost for demand. 7. Promotion Strategy ` a. Sales and Promotion Program Consumer awareness is a special factor to be considered by BBS C. since our product is a new entrant in the industry.We made a plan that will give guarantee to our Corporation that they would reach the projected sales and make it appealing to the market, maintaining the loyalty or the consumers. DATE| SALES AND PROMOTION PLAN| OBJECTIVES| November| Free taste of BBS Co. Ampalaya cupcakes to its target markets. | To promote the cupcakes and get the total number of clients. | December| Start of operation. Discounts for the fir st 10 clients with a least purchase of 50 boxes. | Increase number of clients. | January – March| Free cupcakes for the season for first 10 clients with the least purchase of 50 boxes of cupcakes every week. To make the market aware to our product through printed ads seen by consumers and promotions. | PROMO FOR THE 1st YEAR OF OPERATION| 5% discount for every new clients for their first order. | Gain loyalty and increase number of clients. | WHOLE OPERATION| Credit payment. | Make payment easy for the clients and gain their loyalty. | a. Advertising program Promotion is necessary for a new entrant company to introduce its product to the industry and be appealing to its target market. BBS Co. is implementing business to business selling. We still make ways to let the market familiar about the existence of our company that produces cupcakes. . Public Relations Program INFORMATIONAL:  Complete amount information revealed when it is advertised. Before people become interested in BBS Co. cupcakes they will need to know more information. These include information about the product and public awareness. The company will increase number of Public ads like posters and leaflets. The proponents will also make the company’s own website. With more information people can better decide whether or not they want to further their interest. ATTITUDINAL:  Getting the name out there and creating awareness is important along with informing potential buyers of the product and services.Information will do nothing without a sort of persuasion. Thus, the company want audiences to walk away with a positive attitude and desire for more information. This will increase curiosity. BEHAVIORAL:  To increase audience’s intent to purchase the product, the company will do its specific objectives. An objective to change the behavior of potential buyers is first and for most the intent. After spreading awareness and changing the initial attitudes of audiences, the final goal is to make people  want  to buy the product and then finally purchase. F. Marketing/ Selling Expenses The table underneath shows the marketing expense of BBS Co. or the first year of its operation. After this year the annual expense will only retain the expense for print ads, cash donations and website, amounting Php70, 500. 00 per year. BBS Co. will have survey and free taste of Ampalaya cupcakes to its projected markets. In the opening of the company, discounts for the first 10 clients with least purchase of 50 boxes will be given. For the next 3 months, there will be free cupcakes for the season for first 10 clients with the least purchase of 50 boxes of cupcakes every week. For the 1st whole year, 5% discount for every new clients for their first order.The schedule below shows when and how much will be the expenses for marketing the product. | Nov| Dec| Jan| Feb| Mar| Apr| May| Jun| Jul| Aug| Sep| Oct| Cost| Leaflets| ? | ? | ? | | ? | | | ? | ? | ? | | | P3,000| Billb oard| ? | | ? | | ? | | ? | | ? | | ? | | P10,000| Posters| ? | | | ? | | | ? | | | ? | | | P7,500| Discounts| ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | P18,000| Website ;Facebook| ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Free| Free Taste| ? | ? | ? | | | | | | | | | | P3,500| Cash donations| | ? | | | | | | | | | | | P50,000| Free Cupcakes| | ? | ? ? | | | | | | | | | P15,000| Total Cost| P107,000| A. Technical Production Description BBS Corporation is very popular in producing Ampalaya Cupcakes with high quality and consumers can assure that the company’s product have gone through proper process before producing it out to the market. The company will be known to its healthy and delicious cupcake all over the Philippines. For generations, Ampalaya or Bitter Gourd has been part of the traditional herbal medicines and has been attributed to alleviate or cure a wide variety of ailments, and BBS Corporation is found to be more potent.That is why, the team decided to use Ampalaya to be one of our ingredients in making cupcakes and its benefits to capture a large number of consumers. The team added fillings to make the company’s cupcake more nutritious like; Cheese that is very good source of calcium. It is a well-known fact that calcium helps build strong bones and helps fight against osteoporosis. Another filling is the Strawberry Jam, a very low in Saturated Fat, Cholesterol and Sodium. It is also a good source of Vitamin C. The Banana Jam which majority of the people knows that it is rich in calories, but very low in fats.It contains good amount of health benefiting anti-oxidants, minerals, and vitamins. Lastly is the Mango Jam which is very low in Saturated Fat, Cholesterol and Sodium. It is also a good source of Dietary Fiber and Vitamin B6, and a very good source of Vitamin A and Vitamin C. People should know that Ampalaya contains a mixture of flavonoids and alkaloids make the Pancreas produce more insulin that controls the blood sugar in diabetics. Aside from Ampalaya’s medicinal value, it is a good source of vitamins A, B and C, iron, folic acid, phosphorous and calcium.It is also rich in antioxidants that protect the cells of the body from damage of free radicals. In making Ampalaya cupcake, we only use a little amount of sugar and chocolate to slightly eliminate the bitter taste of Ampalaya. The consumers can expect that our product, Ampalaya Cupcake will not only give a simple cupcake that people can eat anytime and anywhere but a cupcake with nutritional value of Ampalaya. B. Production/Operation Process * Preparation of Raw Materials and ingredients * Mixing and Baking of all the Ingredients * Quality Control and Inspection Packaging and Storing * Delivery i. Step by Step Procedure Step 01: Prepare all the ingredients and raw materials needed Step 02: Preheat oven to 350 degrees Step 03: Line cupcake pans with paper liners Step 04: Combine all dry Ingredients in a large mixing bowl. Mix at low speed for 30 seconds, scrapping bowl constantly while mixing. Mix at high speed for 3 minutes, scraping bowl every minute Step 05: Add eggs and mix again until the color changed into dirty white. Add liquid food color if desired.Step 06: Pour batter into cupcake liners until they are 1/2 to 2/3 full and add the fillings. Step 07: Bake for 20 to 25 minutes or until toothpick inserted in center comes out clean Step 08: Cool 10-15 minutes in pans then move to wire rack to cool completely Step 09: Melt the chocolate bar using double broilers, stir it until it melts and add condensed milk Step 10: Add butter in melted chocolate for glossy texture Step 11: Pour the melted chocolate in cupcakes and make designs using mini mallows, rainbow sprinkles, nips or flower (candy)Step 12: Package properly and keep it in a cool temperature. ii. Duration per Step per Batch Duration per Production| Mixing Duration| 15 minutes| Baking Duration| 20 minutes| Packaging Duration| 60 minutes| Checking Durat ion| 15 minutes| Total Number of Production per Bake| 816 pieces| Total Time Duration| 1 hour and 50 minutes| iii. Labor and Machine Requirements per Step Steps in Production| Laborer| Equipment| Step 1: Mixing all the ingredients needed to make Ampalaya Cupcakes. | Mixer| Mixer| Step 2: After mixing all the ingredients, baker will bake it to transform it into a cupcake using oven with necessary time duration. Baker| Oven (accommodates 34 trays)| Step 3: After baking, the packager will place the cupcakes in their respective boxes. | Packager| Cupcake Box (Packaging)| Step 4: Quality Control Inspectorwill check the quality and number of products for producing it out to the market. | Quality Control Inspector| Boxes Checked| Step 5: If the products are already checked, It will be deliver to customers by the delivery boy. | Delivery Boy| BBS Corp. Delivery Truck| C. Production Schedule i. Monthly Schedule Monthly Units Plan for 2013| Ampalaya Cupcake with Fillings|Month| Ampalaya-Banan a Cupcake| Ampalaya- Cheese Cupcake| Ampalaya Mango Cupcake| Ampalaya- Strawberry- Cupcake| Monthly Units| January| 9,389| 9,389| 9,389| 9,389| 37,556| February| 8,958| 8,959| 8,958| 8,959| 35,834| March| 8,445| 8,445| 8,445| 8,445| 33,780| April| 6,506| 6,506| 6,506| 6,506| 26,024| May| 6,008| 6,008| 6,008| 6,008| 24,032| June| 8,702| 8,702| 8,702| 8,702| 34,808| July| 8,445| 8,445| 8,445| 8,445| 33,780| August| 6,505| 6,505| 6,505| 6,505| 26,020| September| 7,164| 7,164| 7,164| 7,164| 28,656| October| 7,163| 7,163| 7,163| 7,163| 28,652| November| 7,696| 7,696| 7,696| 7,696| 30,784|December| 8,641| 8,641| 8,641| 8,641| 34,564| Annual Units| 93,622| 93,623| 93,622| 93,623| 374,490| Annual Packages Plan for 2013| Product| Ampalaya-Banana Cupcake| Ampalaya- Cheese Cupcake| Ampalaya Mango Cupcake| Ampalaya- Strawberry- Cupcake| Annual Units (Box)| Box of 1| 46,822 boxes/ pieces cupcakes| 46,823 boxes/ pieces cupcakes| 46,822 boxes/ pieces cupcakes| 46,823 boxes/ pieces cupcakes| 187,29 0 boxes/pieces cupcakes| Box of 6| 7,800 boxes(46,800 pieces cupcakes)| 7,800 boxes(46,800 pieces cupcakes)| 7,800 boxes(46,800 pieces cupcakes)| 7,800 boxes(46,800 pieces cupcakes)| 31,200 boxes (187,200 pieces upcakes)| Total| 54,622 boxes| 54,623 boxes| 54,622 boxes| 54,623 boxes| 218,490 boxes| D. Labor Requirement Labor Requirement for making and producing Ampalaya cupcakes are the following; Mixer is a person who mixes all the dry and wet ingredients as the first step in making Ampalaya Cupcake. Baker is a person who will taste and bake the cupcakes using oven only after the mixer finish his/her job. He/she will also be responsible for checking the quality of all the ingredients that will be using. Packager is a person who will place the cupcakes in the respective boxes only after the baker done the process of baking.Quality Control Inspector is a person who will count the number of units that the BBS Corporation will produce as well as the quality of the finished products. De livery Boys are the person responsible for delivering the cupcakes with care to all the costumers only after the checker had counted all the units. Security Guards are responsible for keeping the property safe 24/7. Man Powers| Number of Man Power| Mixer| 2| Baker| 2| Packager| 2| Quality Control Inspector| 1| Delivery Boy| 2| Security Guards| 2| TOTAL| 11| E. Machinery/Equipment Requirement EQUIPMENT| DESCRIPTION| QTY| PRICE(PHP)|Exhaust Fan| Capture smoke and draw out stale or impure air from the production area, also used for ventilation. | 1| 5,500| Gas Range| This type of stove combines different ways of fuelling the cooking, for the purpose of different types of cooking. | 1| 10,000| Gas Tank| Large gas tank used for cooking| 2| 5,360| Generator| A device that supplies electricity during power outages. It provides continuous power to use the essential appliances| 1| 55,000| Mixer| A machine that mixes large amount of ingredients at a desired speed| 1| 23,000| Oven| Used for ba king or roasting.It can be heated by electricity, gas, oil and coal. It accommodates 34 trays| 1| 80,000| Transport Cabinet| An enclosed cabinet used to keep food warm, proof dough or transport large amounts of goods from one area to another. It can accommodate 50 trays. | 1| 7. 000| TOTAL| PHP 185,860| DELIVERY EQUIPMENTS EQUIPMENT| DESCRIPTION| QTY| PRICE(PHP)| Push Cart| Use to carry or transfer large amount of orders/boxes| 2| 3,600| Van| Four wheel vehicle use to deliver large amount of orders in a far location| 2| 350,000| TOTAL| PHP 353,600| PRODUCTION SUPPLIES ITEM| DESCRIPTION| QTY| PRICE(PHP)|CUPCAKE MOLDER| Used to mold and hold the amount of product| 50| 24,950| ROUND CUPCAKE MOLD| Use to present and hold the amount of product| 50,000| 25,000| HEART SHAPE CUPCAKE MOLD| Used to present and hold the amount of product during February| 50,000| 25,000| Baking Chopping Board| A durable board used to place the material to be cut| 4| 600| Clean Up Cloth| Use for cleaning and dry ing wet surfaces in the production or office area| 20| 100| Face mask| Worn in the face for protection during working hours| 2(By Box)| 260| Gloves| Used by the employees in the production area for their protection and sanitation during working hours| 2(By Box)| 200| Liquid Dish Soap| Concentrated liquid soap used only for washing the dishes| 3| 180| Liquid Hand Soap| Concentrated liquid soap used to wash hands after human defecation or urination and before working with the production| 3| 200| Measuring Cups (Liquid)| Used primarily to measure the volume of the liquid or solid baking ingredients| 4(by set)| 600| Measuring Cups (Dry)| A dry measuring cup is used for measuring solid cooking ingredient| 4(by set)| 400| Measuring Spoon| A spoon kitchen utensils used to measure the amount of an ingredient, either liquid or solid| 4(By set)| 400| Mixing Bowl| It is a bowl used for mixing ingredients. | 5| 1,750| Oven Gloves| Used o hold the hot tray and also for the employees protection| 10(By Set)| 550| Spatula| A heavy duty rubber spatula is a super b object for scrapping ingredients from the surface of the mixing containers| 5| 1250| Paper Wrap| An Eco-friendly paper used for sealing or covering the food| 1,000(By Roll)| 12,000| Tray| Kind of non sticky material where cupcakes are laid before putting up in the oven| 40| 3,000| Masking Tape| Used to seal the paper wrap to the foil| 1(By box)| 630| Hairnet| Used to hold the hair and to prevent from contaminating the food| 1(By plastic)| 150| TOTAL| | PHP 94,220| SUMMARY OF EXPENSES| PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT| PHP 185,860| DELIVERY EQUIPMENT| PHP 353,600| PRODUCTION SUPPLIES| PHP 94,220| TOTAL| PHP 633,680| F.Raw Materials Requirements All-purpose flour | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/KILO| WHOLE (1260Php/SACK of 50KILOS)| | Day| 27 kilos| PHP 25. 20| PHP 176. 40| | Week| 189 kilos| PHP 25. 20| PHP 4,762. 80| | Month| 810 kilos| PHP 25. 20| PHP 20,412. 00| | Year| 9,558 kilos| PHP 25. 20| PHP 240,861. 60| White Sugar | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/KILO| WHOLE (1850Php/SACK of 50KILOS)| | Day| 9 kilos| PHP 37. 00| PHP 333. 00| | Week| 63 kilos| PHP 37. 00| PHP 2,331. 00| | Month| 270 kilos| PHP 37. 00| PHP 9,990. 00| | Year| 3,186 kilos| PHP 37. 00| PHP 117,882. 00| Baking Soda | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/KILO| WHOLE (966Php/SACK of 50KILOS)| | Day| 1 kilo| PHP 19. 32| PHP 19. 32| Week| 7 kilos| PHP 19. 32| PHP 135. 24| | Month| 30 kilos| PHP 19. 32| PHP 579. 60| | Year| 354 kilos| PHP 19. 32| PHP 6, 839. 28| Baking Powder | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/KILO| WHOLE (960Php/SACK of 50KILOS)| | Day| 1 kilo| PHP 19. 20| PHP 19. 20| | Week| 7 kilos| PHP 19. 20| PHP 134. 40| | Month| 30 kilos| PHP 19. 20| PHP 576. 00| | Year| 354 kilos| PHP 19. 20| PHP 6,796. 80| Chocolate Bar | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/PIECE| WHOLE (30. 00Php/PIECE)| | Day| 12 pieces| PHP 360. 00| PHP 360. 00| | Week| 84 pieces| PHP 360. 00| PHP 2,520. 00| | Month| 360 pieces| PHP 360. 00| PHP 10,800. 00| | Year| 4,248 pieces| PHP 360. 00| PHP 127,440. 00 | Ground Cinnamon PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/KILO| WHOLE (11665Php/SACK of 50KILOS)| | Day| ? kilo| PHP 233. 30| PHP 116. 65| | Week| 3 ? kilos| PHP 233. 30| PHP 408. 28| | Month| 15 kilos| PHP 233. 30| PHP 1,749. 75| | Year| 177 kilos| PHP 233. 30| PHP 20, 647. 05| Vegetable Oil | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/LITRE| WHOLE (1205Php/CONTAINER)| | Day| 1 litre| PHP 70. 88| PHP 70. 88| | Week| 7 litres| PHP 70. 88| PHP 496. 16| | Month| 30 litres| PHP 70. 88| PHP 2,126. 40| | Year| 354 litres| PHP 70. 88| PHP 25,091. 52| Cheese | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/GRAMS| WHOLE (110Php/450g)| | Day| 135 grams| PHP 110. 00| PHP 330. 00| | Week| 945 grams| PHP 110. 00| PHP 2,310. 00| Month| 4,050 grams| PHP 110. 00| PHP 9,900. 00| | Year| 47,790 grams| PHP 110. 00| PHP 116,820. 00| Eggs (Medium Size) | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/TRAY(30 PIECES)| WHOLE (141Php/TRAY30pcs)| | Day| 125 pieces| PHP 141. 00| PHP 587. 50| | Week| 875 pieces| PHP 141. 00| PHP 4,112. 50| | Month| 3,750 pieces| PHP 141. 00| PHP 17,625,0 0| | Year| 44,250 pieces| PHP 141. 00| PHP 207,975. 00| Evaporated Milk | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/ MILILITERS| WHOLE (41Php/300 MILILITERS)| | Day| 900 mL| PHP 41. 00| PHP 123. 00| | Week| 6,300 mL| PHP 41. 00| PHP 861. 00| | Month| 27,000 mL| PHP 41. 00| PHP 3,690. 00| | Year| 318,600 mL| PHP 41. 00| PHP 43,542. 00| Condensed Milk PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/ MILILITERS| WHOLE (46Php/300MILILITERS)| | Day| 300 mL| PHP 46. 00| PHP 46. 00| | Week| 2,100 mL| PHP 46. 00| PHP 322. 00| | Month| 9,000 mL| PHP 46. 00| PHP 1,380. 00| | Year| 106,200 mL| PHP 46. 00| PHP 16,284. 00| Mini Marshmallows | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/PACK| WHOLE (10Php/PACK)| | Day| 2 packs| PHP 10. 00| PHP 20. 00| | Week| 14 packs| PHP 10. 00| PHP 140. 00| | Month| 60 packs| PHP 10. 00| PHP 600. 00| | Year| 708 packs| PHP 10. 00| PHP 3,540. 00| Candy Flower | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/PACK| WHOLE (10Php/PACK)| | Day| 6 packs| PHP 10. 00| PHP 60. 00| | Week| 42 packs| PHP 10. 00| PHP 420. 00| | Month| 180 packs| PHP 10. 00 | PHP 1,800. 00| | Year| 2,124 packs| PHP 10. 0| PHP 21,240. 00| Rainbow Sprinkles | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/PACK| WHOLE (15Php/PACK)| | Day| 2 packs| PHP 15. 00| PHP 30. 00| | Week| 14 packs| PHP 15. 00| PHP 210. 00| | Month| 60 packs| PHP 15. 00| PHP 900. 00| | Year| 708 packs| PHP 15. 00| PHP 10,620. 00| Nips (Chocolate) | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/PACK| WHOLE (20Php/PACK)| | Day| 3 packs| PHP 20. 00| PHP 60. 00| | Week| 21 packs| PHP 20. 00| PHP 420. 00| | Month| 90 packs| PHP 20. 00| PHP 1,800. 00| | Year| 1,062 packs| PHP 20. 00| PHP 21,240. 00| Fresh Ampalaya | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/KILO| WHOLE (469Php/50 KILOS)| | Day| 35 kilos| PHP 9. 38| PHP 328. 30| | Week| 245 kilos| PHP 9. 8| PHP 2,298. 10| | Month| 1,050 kilos| PHP 9. 38| PHP 9,849. 00| | Year| 12,390 kilos| PHP 9. 38| PHP 116,218. 20| Mango Jam | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/PIECES| WHOLE (145Php/200 grams)| | Day| 3 bottles| PHP 145. 00| PHP 435. 00| | Week| 21 bottles| PHP 145. 00| PHP 3,045. 00| | Month| 90 bottles| PHP 145. 00| PHP 13,050. 00| | Year| 1,095 bottles| PHP 145. 00| PHP 158,775. 00| Banana Jam | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/PIECES| WHOLE (120Php/200 grams)| | Day| 3 bottles| PHP 120. 00| PHP 360. 00| | Week| 21 bottles| PHP 120. 00| PHP 2,520. 00| | Month| 90 bottles| PHP 120. 00| PHP 10,800. 00| | Year| 1,095 bottles| PHP 120. 00| PHP 131,400. 00| Strawberry Jam PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/PIECES| WHOLE (100Php/200 grams)| | Day| 3 bottles| PHP 100. 00| PHP 300. 00| | Week| 21 bottles| PHP 100. 00| PHP 2,100. 00| | Month| 90 bottles| PHP 100. 00| PHP 9,000. 00| | Year| 1,095 bottles| PHP 100. 00| PHP 109,500. 00| Single cupcake box (3 ? inches) | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/PIECES| WHOLE (204Php/24 PIECES)| | Day| 1,026 pieces| PHP 8. 50| PHP 8,721. 00| | Week| 7,182| PHP 8. 50| PHP 61,047. 00| | Month| 30,780| PHP 8. 50| PHP 261,630. 00| | Year| 374,490| PHP 8. 50| PHP 3,183,165| Cupcake  box  of 6 | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/PIECES| WHOLE (270Php/24 PIECES)| | Day| 1,026 pieces| PHP 11. 25| PHP 11,542. 50| | Week| 7,182| PHP 11. 25| PHP 80,797. 50| Month| 30,780| PHP 11. 25| PHP 346,275. 50| | Year| 374,490| PHP 11. 25| PHP 4,213,012. 5| SUMMARY OF RAW MATERIALS EXPENSES| Total Raw Material Cost Per Day| PHP 24,038. 75| Total Raw Material Cost Per Week| PHP 168,271. 25| Total Raw Material Cost Per Month| PHP 721,162. 50| Total Raw Material Cost Per Year| PHP 8,898,889. 95| G. Plan/Factory Location The Incorporators decided to put up the Manufacturing and office area in the same location. It will be situated at #56, 20th Ave. Murphy Cubao, Quezon City. The company choose Cubao to build their main office due to it is very strategic and accessible to many commercial areas here in Metro Manila.All supplies needed for production is available. H. Plant Layout AREA| WIDTH| LENGTH| 200 square meters| 164,145. 33 Square inches(105. 90 sq. meters)| 145,855. 30 Square Inches(94. 10 sq. meters)| I. Waste Disposal System Proper segregation of waste is very important to avoid any da ngerous bacteria and viruses that may cause bad effect to the company as well as to the product. Garbage disposal in any places inside and outside of the company is very necessary to make duties less demanding. All biodegradable, non-biodegradable and recyclable are separated so that, it can avoid any leakage and bad odor. By doing this, it can also help other people to make money through garbage.It can also be a source of income by selling recyclable waste to any junk shops especially dead batteries, metals, bulbs, plastic bottles, and cans. Kitchen wastes can be used for planting as fertilizer and this shouldn’t be burned because it may add up carbon dioxide emission which is bad for every individuals health as well as to our planet. J. Quality Control System BBS Corporation is very delicate with the quality control of its product as the company’s matter of safety and achieving its goal to satisfy consumers. The team ensure that the BBS Corporation’s product c ame from good quality of ingredients so that customers can assure that the product done its safety and right procedure before externalizing to the market.The company has a quality control inspector who will check the products of BBS Corporation. All the cupcakes must do its proper procedure to maintain its quality. If the cupcake/s does not pass the inspection, all of it will sell in cheapest price for the company at least to recover from all the expenses used. The quality control inspection will cover the texture, color, the packaging, and the appearance of the Ampalaya Cupcake. Cleanliness and Sanitation The primary concern of the company is to maintain cleanliness and sanitation in kitchen, working areas like office, comfort rooms, inside and outside of the company and even the employees must sanitize their hands every 15 minutes of working hours.This is a responsibility of the company to keep the surroundings away from any effects that may cause to company’s product and s ervices. All equipment use to make products is strictly prohibited to leave it without washing and dry cleaning properly after used. Employees should be wearing desired uniform during working hours with disposable gloves and hair covers. Accident Prevention, Crisis Management, and Food Safety To show a tangible love and care to our valued customers as well as to our employees, solutions are ready to prevent any inconvenience to make target number of products. Employees should be always warned or aware about safety precautions.To prevent accidental poisoning that customers may get from our products, the proponents make sure that cleaning detergents and different kinds of anti-insects, viruses, and or bacteria are in different storage or cabinet away from ingredients that used to make cupcakes. Chemicals or film developing products are locked away. Any suspicious gas leaks from the kitchen and office appliances should be always checked. First aid kit should be always ready for any acc idents may occur and there should be reminders for safety checklists posted indoors. For fire and burn prevention, everyone should know where the exit doors located, maps for fire escape plan and routes is posted in company’s wall lane. Fire extinguisher is kept inside the kitchen, garage and near a fireplace.Smoke detectors and CCTV Cameras are installed throughout the company and batteries should be always checked, security guard/s should always roam around. Fireplace chimney is professionally cleaned yearly or 6 months after if necessary. And electrical sockets not in use should be unplugged at all times. For food safety, employees must washed their hands every 15 minutes of working hours and must wear desired uniform like, hairnets, disposable gloves, masks, apron and close shoes. Food poisoning is prevented through safe food storage and preparation, all cabinets must locked properly, dry and wet ingredients separated through food dividers. Hand Washing and Clothing To av oid cross contamination, proper hand sanitizing is done every 15 minutes of working hours.Personal hygiene for employees is very important since they’re in food industry. Their uniforms are always checked by the kitchen head as well as employees condition. Proper attire and grooming of all employees before and after the work is encouraged. Dressing rooms of all employees must maintain cleanliness at all times. K. Production Cost i. Total Production Per Year FOIL CONTAINERS| UNITS PRODUCED| Per Day| 1,026| Per Week| 7,182| Per Month| 30,780| Per Year| 374,490| ii. Production Cost per Unit Ampalaya Cupcake INGREDIENT| WEIGHT/PIECES/QTY. | COST PER DAY (PHP)| All-purpose flour| 27,000 grams| PHP 176. 40| Sugar| 9,000 grams| PHP 333. 00| Baking Soda| 1,000 grams| PHP 19. 32|Baking Powder| 1,000 grams| PHP 19. 20| Chocolate Bar| 12 pieces| PHP 360. 00| Ground Cinnamon| 500 grams| PHP 116. 65| Vegetable Oil| 1000 milliliters| PHP 70. 88| Cheese| 135 grams| PHP 330. 00| Eggs| 125 pi eces| PHP 587. 50| Evaporated milk| 900 milliliters| PHP 123. 00| Condensed Milk| 300 milliliters| PHP 46. 00| Mini marsh mallows| 2 packs| PHP 20. 00| Candy Flower| 6 packs| PHP 60. 00| Rainbow Sprinkles| 2 packs| PHP 30. 00| Nips (chocolate)| 3 packs| PHP 60. 00| Fresh Ampalaya| 35 kilos| PHP 328. 30| Banana Jam| 900 grams| PHP 435. 00| Mango Jam| 900 grams| PHP 360. 00| Strawberry Jam| 900 grams| PHP 300. 00| Single cupcake box| 1,026 pieces| PHP 8,721. 00|Cupcake  box  of 6| 1,026 pieces | PHP 11,542. 50| TOTAL| | PHP 24,038. 75| PRICING SIZE| COST| SUGGESTED PRICE| Single cupcake box(3 ? inches)| PHP 44. 00| PHP 54. 00| SIZE| COST| SUGGESTED PRICE| Cupcake  box  of 6| PHP